English for Diplomacy
This blog is for students of English at the SIOI in Rome. However, the opinions expressed here are my own and should not be taken to represent those of the SIOI or anyone else.

mercoledì 2 aprile 2025
martedì 1 aprile 2025
The Arctic - Opportunities and challenges: the economic, social, and political impacts of climate change in the Arctic and the need for cooperation.
2025 Russia and NATO's military presence in the broader Arctic
https://www.statista.com/chart/33824/military-bases-in-the-arctic-belonging-to-nato-and-russia/
https://nsidc.org/sea-ice-today/analyses/arctic-sea-ice-sets-record-low-maximum-2025
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2025/769527/EPRS_BRI(2025)769527_EN.pdf
https://thesoufancenter.org/intelbrief-2025-february-27/
https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/arctic-defence
https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/russias-arctic-military-posture-context-war-against-ukraine/
https://united24media.com/war-in-ukraine/how-russia-is-preparing-for-war-in-the-arctic-6622
This first video has a lot to say about Italy and the Arctic. Some
of the links you may need to copy instead of clicking on them.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DX-RI0odqtQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfw3LJm1DDM&t=3369s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4D_f0T_XBHc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjqPlhXnugI
https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=720487422190375
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2024)754604
The first few articles contain good introductory material to outline the current
situation and frame the questions
https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3213/2022-arctic-summer-sea-ice-tied-for-10th-lowest-on-record/
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/international_issues/arctic_en.htm
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/arctic-within-eu-strategies-renewed-centrality
https://www.aies.at/download/2023/AIES-Fokus-2023-05.pdf
https://arcticfrontiers.com/2023-wrap-up/
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/frna_-_eng_-interne_-_17-06-web_cle4fcfcc.pdf
https://www.ocean-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-arctic_07-9.pdf
https://arctic-council.org/en/
https://www.interreg-npa.eu/arctic-cooperation/
https://carnegieeurope.eu/2019/11/28/military-and-environmental-challenges-in-arctic-pub-80424
https://www.arcticcentre.org/EN/arcticregion/Arctic-Indigenous-Peoples#
https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/return-great-power-competition-arctic/
https://www.interreg-npa.eu/about/programme-in-brief/
https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/whats-stake-rising-competition-arctic
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52915807
https://www.severe-weather.eu/news/arctic-circle-oil-spill-disaster-fa/
https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/covid-19-arctic-the-arctic-institute-winter-series-2020-2021/
https://www.arctictoday.com/covid-19-and-the-arctic/
https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/44959/we-are-going-to-the-arctic/
https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/issues/protect-the-arctic/
https://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/tag/arctic/
https://pame.is/mema/MEMAdatabase/349_Arctic%20Human%20Development%20Report.pdf
Italy
https://amboslo.esteri.it/en/news/dall_ambasciata/2023/10/italy-at-the-2023-arctic-circle/
2023
https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/italys-growing-interest-arctic
2022 SIOI
https://www.osservatorioartico.it/strategia-italia-artico/ (2020)
https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1105156.pdf
(2018)
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2016/06/strategy_for_the_arctic_may_2016.pdf (2016)
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2016/06/italy_in_the_arctic.pdf (2016)
https://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/Conosciamoci/notizie/Pagine/20161215_eppr.aspx
(2016)
https://narfu.ru/upload/iblock/065/11_lagutina.pdf
https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/aree_geografiche/europa/artico
Then
whatever else you have time for:
http://www.ocean-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-arctic_07-9.pdf
http://safety4sea.com/challenges-opportunities-emerging-arctic-change/
https://www.fni.no/news/the-european-union-and-the-geopolitics-of-the-arctic-article1671-330.html
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/aree_geografiche/europa/artico
http://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2016/06/italy_in_the_arctic.pdf
http://barentsobserver.com/en/energy/2013/11/italian-arctic-strategy-unfolding-russian-oil-29-11
http://www.greenpeace.org/italy/it/campagne/Salviamo-il-clima/Save-The-Arctic/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/arctic-development-stalls_us_56a2b40be4b076aadcc6c444
http://energyfuse.org/low-oil-prices-undercut-arctic-oil-dreams/
http://www.reuters.com/article/oil-europe-investment-idUSL4N0SM3Y420141028
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Passage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpolar_Sea_Route
http://www.un.org/en/events/indigenousday/pdf/Backgrounder_ClimateChange_FINAL.pdf
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/arctic-climate-change/l-2/7-effects-on-people.htm
http://www.arcticcentre.org/EN/communications/arcticregion/Arctic-Indigenous-Peoples
http://unchronicle.un.org/article/climate-change-arctic-inuit-reality/
So you could approach the topic by explaining, or outlining hopes and concerns,
about:
1) the effects of recent climate change on the Arctic region and the
opportunities and challenges these changes bring.
2) the dangers to the environment and the indigenous peoples
3) who the main actors are and what their interests are.
4) cooperation – the institutional framework and the reality on the
ground
5) Italy and the EU’s position
6) competition for resources on the ground
7) military tensions between Russia and NATO countries
In an essay you should give real examples throughout and refer to events
and statements in 2019-25. In your conclusion you could quickly summarise the
opportunities, challenges and dangers and stress the need for multilateralism
and protection of the environment and its inhabitants.
lunedì 31 marzo 2025
Free site with English language practice exercises and answers for Cambridge, TOEFL and other exams
The first link is to C1 level, but explore the site:
https://www.examenglish.com/CAE/cae_reading_use_of_english.html
https://www.examenglish.com/grammar/index.html
https://www.examenglish.com/vocabulary/academic_wordlist.html
https://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/index.php
‘Between’ and ‘among’
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/it/grammatica/grammatica-britannico/between-or-among
https://www.terminologiaetc.it/2018/07/09/uso-traduzione-among-between/
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=11243
https://www.englishpractice.com/quiz/exercise-11/
http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-exercises-prepositions-test-9.html#.X_Lg99hKjIU
http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/between-versus-among?page=all
Quantifiers
Explanation
https://www.wallstreetenglish.com/exercises/what-are-quantifiers
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/much-many-a-lot-of-lots-of-quantifiers
https://poorvucenter.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Quantifiers_1.pdf
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/a1-a2-grammar/quantifiers-few-a-few-little-a-bit
Exercises
https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/quantifiers.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/mengen.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/mengen.htm
https://www.grammarbank.com/a-little-a-few-exercise.html
https://agendaweb.org/grammar/quantifiers-quantity-exercises.html
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/much-many-little-few-some-any/
https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/quantifiers/quanitifiers-index.htm