mercoledì 1 aprile 2026

The EU's mutual defence clause

Article 42(7) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) is the mutual defence clause, requiring EU member states to provide aid and assistance using "all the means in their power" if another member faces armed aggression on its territory. Activated only once—by France in 2015—it operates individually rather than through EU institutions, respecting neutral states' policies.


lunedì 30 marzo 2026

Italy and defence spending

https://www.eunews.it/en/2026/03/26/for-the-first-time-all-nato-allies-are-spending-more-than-2-per-cent-of-their-gdp-on-defence/

https://www.italianfacts.com/en/art-2254-apparent-security-italian-military-spending-soars-to-2-of-gdp-but-no#:~:text=GeoPolitics-,Apparent%20Security:%20Italian%20Military%20Spending%20Soars%20to%202%25%20of%20GDP,%E2%80%94%20suddenly%20considered%20%22military.%22 


European autonomy and independent capabilities in deterrence, defence and security

https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-capitals-deleting-us-technology-not-realistic/

https://bst-europe.eu/security-policy/untangling-the-transatlantic-incentive-trap-europes-plan-and-americas-contribution/#:~:text=Capabilities%20and%20operational%20dependence,%2DDomain%20Operations%20(MDO).

https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/nato-warns-europe-cannot-deter-russia-without-1771133246.html#:~:text=Without%20American%20deterrence%20capabilities%2C%20containing,extremely%20difficult%2C%20according%20to%20Politico.&text=European%20countries%20can%20produce%20modern,costs%20at%20roughly%20$1%20trillion.

https://www.bruegel.org/policy-brief/europes-dependence-us-foreign-military-sales-and-what-do-about-it#:~:text=The%20dependence%20is%20particularly%20significant,modernisation%20required%20in%20future%20years.

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2025/777967/EPRS_BRI(2025)777967_EN.pdf#:~:text=In%20its%20European%20defence%20industrial%20strategy%2C%20the,with%2063%20%25%20coming%20from%20the%20US.

https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/13/four-charts-europes-reliance-us-digital-infrastructure.html

https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20260124-europe-s-digital-reliance-on-us-big-tech-does-the-eu-have-a-plan

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/06/20/europe-remains-highly-vulnerable-and-dependent-on-us-defence-production-report

but in the longer term

https://www.meig.ch/highlight-1-2026-european-strategic-autonomy-and-dependence-on-nato-taking-the-middle-road/#:~:text=Investing%20in%20European%20defence%20industries,an%20investment%20in%20strategic%20freedom.

https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/autonomous-europe_en#:~:text=Our%20investment%20in%20space%20and,position%20as%20a%20space%20power.

https://theloop.ecpr.eu/can-the-eu-form-an-autonomous-military-alliance/

https://www.dcu.ie/blog/2151/european-defence-autonomy-leadership-gap

however

https://www.iiss.org/research-paper/2026/03/advancing-european-military-capacity-in-space/#:~:text=Both%20figures%20exclude%20most%20ground,announced%20programmatic%20timelines%20of%202030.

https://www.arcanopartners.com/en/arcano-insights/insights/eus-goal-achieving-military-autonomy-2030-realistic#:~:text=There%20is%20no%20doubt%20that,States%20and%20their%20industrial%20actors.