Italy’s international stance

Articolo 11 della Costituzione Italiana

L'Italia ripudia la guerra come strumento di offesa alla libertà degli altri popoli e come mezzo di risoluzione delle controversie internazionali; consente, in condizioni di parità con gli altri Stati, alle limitazioni di sovranità necessarie ad un ordinamento che assicuri la pace e la giustizia fra le Nazioni; promuove e favorisce le organizzazioni internazionali rivolte a tale scopo.

https://www.senato.it/1025?sezione=118&articolo_numero_articolo=11

Article 11 of the Constitution of Italy says:

Italy rejects war as an instrument of aggression against the freedom of other peoples and as a means for the settlement of international disputes. Italy agrees, on conditions of equality with other States, to the limitations of sovereignty that may be necessary to a world order ensuring peace and justice among the Nations. Italy promotes and encourages international organisations having such ends.

http://www.educational.rai.it/materiali/pdf_articoli/22122.pdf

Background

Italy is considered to be both a major regional power and a middle power with membership in prominent institutions or groups such as the UN, the EU, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the DAC, the WTO, the G4 in the European Union, G6, G7, G8, G10, G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Latin Union, the Council of Europe, the Central European Initiative, the ASEM and the Uniting for Consensus. Italy currently maintains the world's tenth-largest nominal defence budget and is a participant in the NATO nuclear sharing policy. On 1 July 2014, Italy replaced Greece as the seat of the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/60-anniversario-dell-adesione-dell.html/

Italy is a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and strong supporter of a wide number of international organisations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative. Its recent turns in the rotating presidency of international organisations include the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE), the forerunner of the OSCE, in 1994; G8; and the EU in 2009 and from July to December 2003.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy

Italy strongly supports multilateral international politics, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities. As of 2013, Italy was deploying 5,296 troops abroad, engaged in 33 UN and NATO missions in 25 countries of the world. Italy deployed troops in support of UN peacekeeping missions in Somalia, Mozambique, and East Timor and provides support for NATO and UN operations in Bosnia, Kosovo and Albania. Italy deployed over 2,000 troops in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) from February 2003. Italy still supports international efforts to reconstruct and stabilise Iraq, but it had withdrawn its military contingent of some 3,200 troops by November 2006, maintaining only humanitarian operators and other civilian personnel. In August 2006 Italy deployed about 2,450 troops in Lebanon for the United Nations' peacekeeping mission UNIFIL.Italy is one of the largest financiers of the Palestinian National Authority, contributing €60 million in 2013 alone.

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy#Military and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy#Foreign_relations

http://mediterraneanaffairs.com/italy-three-circle-approach-foreign-policy/

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/it.htm

https://irsocietyjcu.wordpress.com/2016/02/14/italys-foreign-policy-by-giuseppe-spatafora/comment-page-1/

http://www.iai.it/en/area/politica-estera-italiana/ricerca

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03932729.2016.1108613?src=recsys&journalCode=rspe20

http://www.un.org/en/ga/65/meetings/generaldebate/View/SpeechView/tabid/85/smid/411/ArticleID/195/reftab/231/t/Italy/Default.html
If you go to this site:

http://www.un.org/en/ga/65/meetings/generaldebate/View/SpeechView/tabid/85/smid/411/ArticleID/195/reftab/231/t/Italy/Default.html
If you go to this site:
http://www.italyun.esteri.it/rappresentanza_onu
you can choose English as the operating language to read and make notes on the following:
Peace and Security
Human Rights – International Law
The UN Security Council Reform
Italian Contribution to the UN Budget
Have a look at:

https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/196/39962.html

http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Sala_Stampa/ArchivioNotizie/Approfondimenti/2012/05/20120503_Italia_Etiopia.htm

http://www.un.org/en/ga/65/meetings/generaldebate/View/SpeechView/tabid/85/smid/411/ArticleID/195/reftab/231/t/Italy/Default.html

http://www.bartamaha.com/somalia-italys-role-for-regional-stability-34328/

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:fUrzTNoUmJwJ:www.foreignpolicy.it/file_adon/italy_and_international_organizations.doc+Italy+role+international+community&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi4uMh_Y0Ag7SgXntysQ5UKfBjGZ1w9fDjGo81VXGZX9Q4dXXQ0vQiKLeXSZP_1nJJypne7H_Q1KSgBG4NGNxyz1uvNf26pV0cgVqbOiPfzgj0mSuRPNAtq5hF5NfW3wIeyDEoi&sig=AHIEtbS-LBYpttLtv7IHrCmCAgJoWie8CQ

http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/africanagriculturaldevelopment/resources/europeanactivity/donorprofiles/italy

http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/602990/publicationFile/162539/Italy.pdf

http://horyaalmedia.com/italy-hails-recent-somalia-political-changes/

La Diplomazia Economica Italiana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_diplomacy

http://www.sistemapaese.esteri.it/Unita_Sistema_Paese

http://www.esteri.it/mae/it/ministero/servizi/imprese/diplomaziaeconomica/

http://www.europaquotidiano.it/2014/11/01/perche-la-diplomazia-economica-sara-decisiva-per-il-neo-ministro-gentiloni/

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/10/diplomazia-economica-italiana-07_0.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/10/diplomazia-economica-italiana-11_0.html

Expo Milano

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015

http://www.expo2015.org/it

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015

Destinazione Italia

http://destinazioneitalia.gov.it/

http://destinazioneitalia.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/destinazioneitaliaEnglishVersion.pdf

http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/index.php/it/component/content/article?id=2029984

http://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/en/2014-06-27-15-06-15/2029306-destinazione-italia-new-policy-to-attract-foreign-investment

http://www.slideshare.net/Palazzo_Chigi/destinazione-italia-english-version

http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/DESTINAZIONE_ITALIA_version_EN.PDF

http://www.esteri.it/mae/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2013/10/20131010_destin_italia.html

http://www.sistemapaese.esteri.it/Unita_Sistema_Paese/Menu/Attivita/Gruppo_Lavoro_attrazione_IDE/

http://www.esteri.it/mae/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2014/01/20140109_ibac2014.html

Cultural Diplomacy

Definition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diplomacy

http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/index.php?en_culturaldiplomacy

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cultural_diplomacy

Italian Cultural Diplomacy

http://www.esteri.it/mae/it/politica_estera/cultura/documentazione/normativa.html

http://www.culturaitaliana.it/hm/atti/5_ruolo.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/reteiic.html

http://www.italiaue.esteri.it/rapp_ue/en/ambasciata/news/dall-ambasciata/2016/06/franceschini-in-ue-passa-posizione.html

http://www.iiclosangeles.esteri.it/iic_losangeles/en/

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/promozionelinguaitaliana/portale-della-lingua-italiana.html

https://www.linguaitaliana.esteri.it/

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/promozionelinguaitaliana/promozionelibroitaliano.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/07/pechino-mostra-di-goffi-sulla-xxi.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2013/06/20130613_bonino_diplomazia.html

Good examples of events and exhibitions:

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/archivionotizie.html

http://www.icilondon.esteri.it/iic_londra/en/

http://www.iicwashington.esteri.it/iic_washington/en/

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/09/francia-inaugurata-a-parigi-la.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/11/federazione-russa-incontro-sui.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/11/cina-l-italia-del-design-al-salone.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/07/pechino-mostra-di-goffi-sulla-xxi.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/promozionelinguaitaliana/promozionelibroitaliano.html

http://www.iicpretoria.esteri.it/iic_pretoria/en/gli_eventi/calendario/2016/10/diplomatic-fun-fair-2016.html

The Italian Armed Forces and Operational Commitments

You should check:http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_italiane
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces

Manpower

Active personnel: 347,927 2014 The Italian Army (Esercito Italiano): 102,995 (2nd in the EU) The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana): 43,000 (2nd in the EU) The Italian Navy (Marina Militare): a modern navy with a strength of 30,923 (3rd in the EU) Arma dei Carabinieri: 103,893 (1st in the EU) Guardia di Finanza:68,134 Reserve personnel: 41,867 (2011)

Expenditure (budget): €35.8 billion (2014) Percent of GDP: 1.27% (2014)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces

UN and NATO membership and international missions and operations

Italy has joined in many UN, NATO and EU operations as well as with assistance to Russia and the other CIS nations, the Middle East peace process, peacekeeping, and combating the illegal drug trade, human trafficking, piracy and terrorism.

Under long-standing bilateral agreements flowing from NATO membership, Italy hosts important U.S. military forces at Vicenza – home of 173d Airborne Brigade – and Livorno (USA); Aviano (USAF); and Sigonella, Nisida, and Gaeta – home port for the U.S. Navy Sixth Fleet. The United States has about 16,000 military personnel stationed in Italy. Italy hosts the NATO Defence College at Cecchignola, near Rome.

Italy took part in the 1982 Multinational Force in Lebanon along with US, French and British troops. Italy also participated in the 1990–91 Gulf War, with the deployment of eight Panavia Tornado IDS bomber jets; Italian Army troops were subsequently deployed to assist Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq following the conflict.

As part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Italy contributed to the international operation in Afghanistan. Italian forces have contributed to ISAF, the NATO force in Afghanistan, and to the Provincial reconstruction team. Italy has sent 3,800 troops, including one infantry company from the 2nd Alpini Regiment tasked to protect the ISAF HQ, one engineer company, one NBC platoon, one logistic unit, as well as liaison and staff elements integrated into the operation chain of command. Italian forces also command a multinational engineer task force and have deployed a platoon of Carabinieri military police.

The Italian Army did not take part in combat operations of the 2003 Iraq War, dispatching troops only when major combat operations were declared over by the U.S. President George W. Bush. Subsequently Italian troops arrived in the late summer of 2003, and began patrolling Nasiriyah and the surrounding area. Italian participation in the military operations in Iraq was concluded by the end of 2006, with full withdrawal of Italian military personnel except for a small group of about 30 soldiers engaged in providing security for the Italian embassy in Baghdad. Italy played a major role in the 2004-2011 NATO Training Mission to assist in the development of Iraqi security forces training structures and institutions.

Operations

Since the second post-war the Italian armed force has become more and more engaged in international peace support operations, mainly under the auspices of the United Nations. The Italian armed forces are currently participating in 26 missions.^[1]

United Nations
- UNMOGIP, since 1951 (India and Pakistan)
- UNTSO, since 1958 (Israel, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon)
- UNIFIL, since 1978 (Lebanon)
- MINURSO, since 1991 (Western Sahara)
- UNFICYP, since 2005 (Cyprus)
- MINUSMA, since 2013 (Mali)
European Union
- EUFOR Althea, since 2004 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- EUBAM Rafah, since 2005 (Gaza–Egypt border)
- EUPOL Afghanistan, since 2007 (Afghanistan)
- EUNAVFOR Atalanta, since 2008 (Gulf of Aden)
- EUMM Georgia, since 2008 (Georgia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia)
- EULEX Kosovo, since 2008 (Kosovo)
- EUTM Somalia, since 2010 (Somalia)
- EUCAP Nestor, since 2012 (Indian Ocean)
- EUCAP Sahel Niger, since 2012 (Niger)
- EUBAM Libya, since 2013 (Libya)
- EUTM Mali, since 2013 (Mali)
- EUFOR RCA, since 2014 (Central African Republic)
NATO
- KFOR, since 1999 (Kosovo)
- ISAF, since 2001 (Afghanistan)
- Operation Active Endeavour, since 2001 (Mediterranean Sea)
- Operation Ocean Shield, since 2009 (Gulf of Aden)
Multilateral missions
- TIPH-2, since 1997 (West Bank)
- Operation Cyrene, since 2011 (Libya)
- MIADIT Somalia, since 2013 (Somalia and Djibouti)
- MIADIT Palestine, since 2014 (West Bank)

Main operation and military commitments – See this update:

Current operations of Italian Armed Forces highlighted on a map of Afro-Eurasia.

from: http://www.difesa.it/OperazioniMilitari/Pagine/OperazioniMilitari.aspx

and

http://it.ibtimes.com/italia-e-missioni-militari-allestero-quali-sono-dove-operano-e-quanti-uomini-impiegano-1409233

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces#Operations

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missioni_militari_italiane_all%27estero#1946-oggi

http://www.providingforpeacekeeping.org/2014/04/03/contributor-profile-italy/

http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/22619-italy-to-keep-troops-in-afghanistan-in-2016-to-fight-terrorism-renzi

https://www.thelocal.it/20151202/italy-will-stay-in-afghanistan-renzi (760 soldiers)

https://militarynewsfromitaly.com/category/missioni-italiane-allestero/afghanistan-contingente-italiano/

http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/web/rielcano_en/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_in/zonas_in/defense+security/ari125-2009

http://unifil.unmissions.org/

http://www.marina.difesa.it/Notiziario-online/Pagine/20160331_atalanta.aspx

http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_48815.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield

http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_48818.htm

See Command and Structure of KFOR

KFOR comes under a single chain of command, under the authority of Commander KFOR (COMKFOR). COMKFOR reports to the Commander of Joint Force Command Naples (COM JFCN), Italy. The current COMKFOR is Maj. Gen. Giovanni Fungo. He assumed command of the Kosovo Force on 1 September 2016.

The Mediterranean, North Africa and Libya

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUFOR_Althea

http://www.balkanalysis.com/blog/2016/09/04/italian-security-in-the-mena-and-balkans-part-5-croatia-and-bosnia-herzegovina/

http://www.corriere.it/esteri/16_settembre_14/ospedale-italiano-libia-via-l-operazione-ippocrate-86988d90-79ed-11e6-8c12-dd8263fa3b6d.shtml

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUTM_Mali

http://eeas.europa.eu/csdp/missions-and-operations/eutm-somalia/

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Mare_Sicuro

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Sophia

http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_7932.htm (Operatio Active Endeavour)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Navfor_Med

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUPOL_Afghanistan

http://www.difesa.it/OperazioniMilitari/op_intern_corso/EAU/Pagine/default.aspx

http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2016/02/03/news/iraq_piu_soldati_italiani_saranno_mille-132604724/

http://www.maurizioblondet.it/italiani-guerra-turchia/

http://www.ispionline.it/it/tag/foreign-policy

You should also look at:

Italy at the UN and efforts to ban the death penalty at a global level

http://www.esteri.it/mae/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2012/10/20121010_appellopenamorte.html

Italy and reform of the UN Security Council

http://www.italyun.esteri.it/Rappresentanza_ONU/Menu/L_Italia_e_l_ONU/Riforme/

http://www.esteri.it/mae/it/politica_estera/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/la_riforma.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2013/09/20130926_onu_bonino.html/

Italy and the EU, Italy's position on important questions such as:

EU economic policy, refugee and migration policy and military cooperation

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italy-seeks-new-deal-to-scrap-eu-austerity-as-its-economy-stalls-a7189936.html

http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/700298/European-Union-Italy-prime-minister-Matteo-Renzi-Brussels-austerity-Merkel-ECB

https://www.theguardian.com/business/live/2016/oct/20/markets-ecb-meeting-mario-draghi-uk-retail-sales-brexit-business-live

http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2016/09/16/news/bratislava-147873647/

http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2016/09/09/matteo-renzi-tsipras_n_11932032.html

http://www.lastampa.it/2016/09/19/economia/litalia-ha-gi-abusato-della-flessibilit-e-non-ha-tagliato-il-debito-pubblico-b4aNSPeVnK5Mc1wwm6JzII/pagina.html

http://www.lastampa.it/2016/06/25/italia/renzi-un-salvagente-per-le-banche-e-lalleanza-contro-lausterit-

The European Battle Group http://www.ansa.it/friuliveneziagiulia/notizie/2016/11/21/forze-armate-al-via-esercitazione-european-wind-2016_0de27957-ff5f-4dbb-bef0-bbac9e1467c8.html

See also my notes on the migration and refugee crisis

English for Diplomacy

martedì 15 novembre 2016

Italy’s Role as an Active Member of the International Community

Articolo 11 della Costituzione Italiana

Destinazione Italia