For the latest
worrying news on progress towards the SDGs skip directly to the end of this
post)
Millennium Development Goals
The goals
were set for 2015 in the United Nations
Millennium Declaration (2000) and took as a baseline the data for 1990.
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
source: http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/mdgs.html no longer available
'The United
Nations Foundation is committed to helping the UN achieve the eight Millennium
Development Goals by 2015. The MDGs are a commitment by the UN to establish
peace and a healthy global economy by focusing on major issues like
poverty, children’s health, empowerment of women and girls, sustainable
environment, disease, and development.
We believe the
eighth MDG – calling for a Global Partnership for Development – is probably the
most important. It reflects the fact that the fates of all people and
nations are linked. Unless we can help the world’s poor create a
better life, no one’s prosperity can be secure.'
Below is a list of
the eight MDGs and their individual targets.
The Millennium Development Goals:
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
· Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less
than a dollar a day.
· Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer
from hunger.
2.
Achieve universal primary education
· Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course
of primary schooling.
3. Promote gender equality and
empower women
· Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015.
4.
Reduce child mortality
· Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children
under five.
5.
Improve maternal health
· Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
· Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.
· Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and
other major diseases.
7.
Ensure environmental sustainability
· Integrate the principles of sustainable development
into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources.
· Reduce by half the proportion of people without
sustainable access to safe drinking water.
· Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least
100 million slum dwellers, by 2020.
8. Develop a global partnership for
development
· Develop further an open trading and financial system
that is rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory. Includes a commitment
to good governance, development and poverty reduction—nationally and
internationally.
· Address the least developed countries’ special needs.
This includes tariff- and quota-free access for their exports; enhanced debt
relief for heavily indebted poor countries; cancellation of official bilateral
debt; and more generous official development assistance for countries committed
to poverty reduction.
· Address the special needs of landlocked and small
island developing States.
· Deal comprehensively with developing countries’ debt
problems through national and international measures to make debt sustainable
in the long term.
· In cooperation with the developing countries, develop
decent and productive work for youth.
· In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide
access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries.
· In cooperation with the private sector, make available
the benefits of new technologies—especially information and communications
technologies.
See also:
http://www.un.org/en/mdg/summit2010/pdf/List%20of%20MDGs%20English.pdf
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Indicators/OfficialList.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals#Goal_1:_Eradicate_extreme_poverty_and_hunger
http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/dec/02/africa-significant-progress-mdgs
Success, failure, progress and after 2015
http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sdgoverview/mdg_goals.html
First read Own the Goals by John McArthur on;
http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2013/02/21-millennium-dev-goals-mcarthur
and
Promises to Keep – Crafting Better Development Goals, by
Bjorn Lomborg in Foreign Affairs Nov-Dec 2014
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2014%20MDG%20report/MDG%202014%20English%20web.pdf
This series of short articles is also very useful
http://www.eoi.es/blogs/lauraambros/2012/01/17/millenium-development-goals-for-sub-saharan-africa/
http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17270014
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2012/drinking_water_20120306/en/
“The
report said huge regional disparities existed. Almost half of the 2 billion
people who have gained access to drinking water since 1990 live in China or
India. Meanwhile, many countries in Africa are not on track to meet the target
by 2015, with some countries actually falling back to pre-1990 rates of
coverage. More than 40% of all people globally who lack access to drinking
water live in sub-Saharan Africa.” 2012
This is a
quote from:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/mar/06/water-millennium-development-goals
also:
“Millennium
Development Goals progress reports overestimate access to safe water”
“New
research suggests that official reports overestimate progress towards the
United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for access to safe
drinking water. The researchers show that the current methods oversimplify the
measure by not accounting for water quality; the key measure of safety. In four
of the five developing countries studied, the reduction in reported progress
would be substantial. It is likely that MDG safe-water progress in other
developing countries is similarly overstated …” (2012)
For full
article see:
http://bristol.ac.uk/news/2012/8287.html
Some
experts argued that global progress in trying to achieve the poverty reduction
MDG was the result of economic growth, particularly in China (lifting huge
numbers out of poverty) and India, rather than the result of international
cooperation and aid programs based on the MDGs. Progress globally is difficult
to measure and very uneven. (Sept. 2015)
https://www.ft.com/content/1ac2384c-57bf-11e5-9846-de406ccb37f2
Experts
argued that despite global progress in poverty reduction, Africa considered
separately is unlikely to meet its 2015 MDG target due to the global recession
and population growth. Progress is obviously relative to the scale of the
challenge and many people are unaware of the extent of the problem in Africa.
In sub-Saharan Africa 43% percent of
the population lived in extreme poverty in 2012 compared with 56% in
1990. (2012). In this situation any progress is of course good news but
eradicating extreme poverty would seem to be a very long term goal for Africa.
http://fpif.org/africas-supposed-failure-achieve-millennium-development-goals/
http://africajournalismtheworld.com/2012/03/01/africa-fails-to-meet-world-bank-poverty-goal/
http://www.endpoverty2015.org/en/node/587
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2013/oct/16/mdg-sustainable-development-goals
http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm
http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/extreme-poverty-drops-worldwide/
What did the millennium development goals achieve?
The
millennium development goals have targeted eight key areas – poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership. Each goal is supported by 21 specific targets and
more than 60 indicators. Below, we’ve looked at what has been achieved on some
of the targets within each goal.
MDG 1: The number of people living on less than $1.25 a day
has been reduced from 1.9 billion in 1990 to 836 million in 2015, although the
target of halving the proportion of people suffering from hunger was narrowly
missed.
MDG 2: Primary school enrolment figures have shown an
impressive rise, but the goal of achieving universal primary education has just
been missed, with the net enrolment rate increasing from 83% in 2000 to 91%
this year.
MDG 3: About two-thirds of developing countries have achieved
gender parity in primary education.
MDG 4: The child mortality rate has reduced by more than half
over the past 25 years – falling from 90 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births –
but it has failed to meet the MDG target of a drop of two-thirds.
MDG 5: The global maternal mortality ratio has fallen by
nearly half – short of the two-thirds reduction the MDGs aimed for.
MDG 6: The target of halting and beginning to reverse the
spread of HIV/Aids by 2015 has not been met, although the number of new HIV
infections fell by around 40% between 2000 and 2013.
MDG 7: Some 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved
drinking water since 1990, so the target of halving the proportion of people
without access to improved sources of water was achieved in 2010 – five years
ahead of schedule. However, 663 million people across the world still do not
have access to improved drinking water.
MDG 8: Between
2000 and 2014, overseas development assistance from rich nations to developing
countries increased by 66% in real terms, and in 2013 reached the record figure
of $134.8bn (£80.3bn).
Source
The guardian July 2015 https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/datablog/2015/jul/06/what-millennium-development-goals-achieved-mdgs
Here's another summary of the progress made according to a different
source:
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and
Hunger
The extreme
poverty rate in developing countries was at 47 percent in 1990 and has since
dropped to 14 percent in 2015. In those same 25 years the global number of
people living in extreme poverty has dropped from 1,926 million to 836 million.
And undernourished percentage in developing countries has dropped from 23.3 to
12.9.
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary
Education
The number of
out-of-school children has dropped by half between 2000 and 2015: 100 million
to 57 million. In sub-Saharan African, net enrollment rate has increased by 20
percent from 2000 to 2015. The global 8 percent increase in literacy rates
has also narrowed the literacy gap between men and women.
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and
Empower Women
In Southern Asia,
for every 100 boys enrolled in primary education, 74 girls were enrolled in
1990, and now 103 girls are enrolled for every 100 boys. In 1990 women made up
35 percent of the paid workforce outside the agricultural sector; today they
make up 41 percent of said work force.
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
The global number
of deaths for children below the age of 5 has dropped from 12.7 million to
6 million between 1990 and 2015. The measles vaccination has prevented 15.6
million deaths between 2000 and 2013.
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
Globally, the
mortality ration has dropped by 45 percent since 1990 with most of its decline
occurring since 2000. Contraception use has increased by 9 percent among women
between the ages of 15 to 49.
Goal 6: Combat HI/AIDS, Malaria and
Other Diseases
In 2003 0.8
million people with HIV were receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment (ART),
and by 2014 13.6 million people with HIV were receiving ART. Nine
hundred million insecticide-treated mosquito nets were delivered to
malaria prone countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2004 and 2014.
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental
Sustainability
Since 1990, 1.9
billion people have gained access to clean, drinking tap water. Improved
sanitation is now available to 2.1 billion people.
Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership
for Development
Between 2000 and
2014, the official development assistance from developed countries rose from
USD $81 billion to USD $135 billion. The global effort of the MDGs has also
brought mobile-cellular signal to 95 percent of the world population, and
access to Internet has grown from 6 percent to 43 percent between 2000 and
2015.
According to Ban
Ki-moon, the MDGs results have taught world leaders lessons that will help with
carrying out the Sustainable Development Goals for the next 15 years. He said,
“Reflecting on the MDGs and looking ahead to the next 15 years, there is no
question that we can deliver on our shared responsibility to end poverty, leave
no one behind and create a world of dignity for all.”
source: https://borgenproject.org/mdgs-what-they-achieved/
Situation in September 2015 and
serious comment on MDGs
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2015/English2015.pdf
Excellent
articles from the Guardian Weekly Sept 2015, definitely to read:
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/24/the-big-reckoning-how-many-people-did-the-millennium-goals-save
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/datablog/2015/jul/06/what-millennium-development-goals-achieved-mdgs
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/millennium-development-goals
http://borgenproject.org/mdg-failures/
Beyond
2015 – The Sustainable Development Goals
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld
http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/about/mdg.shtml
http://johnmcarthur.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Fall_2012_Rethinking_Global_Development_Goals-JW-McArthur.pdf
http://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2014/the-impending-failure-of-the-sustainable-development-goals/
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jun/17/millennium-development-goals-beyond-2015
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/sep/25/new-development-goals-un-general-assembly
http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/post-2015-consensus?gclid=CMCSw9fTosICFSXKtAodaSwANA
http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/post-2015-consensus?gclid=CNj4-q_UosICFYHLtAodRDgAsA
http://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/CossartDevelopment_brief.pdf
Defining Poverty
The World Bank defines poverty in absolute
terms. The bank defined extreme poverty in 2008 as living on less than
US$1.25 per day (PPP) based on 2005 prices (up from US$1.00 per day in 2000), and moderate poverty as less than $2 a day.
It has been estimated that in 2008, 1.4 billion people had consumption levels
below US$1.25 a day and 2.7 billion lived on less than $2 a day.
As differences in the cost of living
across the world evolve, the global poverty line has to be periodically updated
to reflect these changes.
In 2015, the World Bank defined extreme
poverty as living on less than US$1.90 (PPP) per day using 2011 prices, and moderate
poverty as less than $2 or $5 a day (but note that a person or family with
access to subsistence resources, e.g., subsistence farmers, may have a low cash
income without a correspondingly low standard of living – they are not living
"on" their cash income but using it as a top up).
The World Bank estimates that in 2015,
702.1 million people globally were living below the poverty line, down from
1.75 billion in 1990 and just over 900 million in 2012 (based on the latest
available data). Of the 702.1 million in 2015, 347.1 million people, live in
sub-Saharan Africa (35.2% of the population of
Africa) and 231.3 million in South Asia (13.5% of the population there).
We should also bear in mind the effect of
population growth. According to latest World Bank estimates, the share of
Africans who are poor fell from 56% in 1990 to 43% in 2012. However, because
of population growth many more people are poor, the report says. The
most optimistic scenario shows about 330 million poor in 2012, up from about
280 million in 1990.
http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/publication/poverty-rising-africa-poverty-report
http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-poverty-line-faq
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/oct/05/world-bank-extreme-poverty-to-fall-below-10-of-world-population-for-first-time
http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/international-poverty-line-has-just-been-raised-190-day-global-poverty-basically-unchanged-how-even
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty#Definitions
The Sustainable Development Goals
See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals This gives you the goals:
1. No Poverty - End
poverty in
all its forms everywhere
·
Extreme
poverty has been cut by more than half since 1990- however, more than 1 in 5
people live on less than $1.25 a day
·
Poverty
is more than lack of income or resources- it includes lack of basic services,
such as education, hunger, social discrimination and exclusion, and lack or
participation in decision making.
·
Gender
inequality plays a large role in the perpetuation of poverty and it's risks;
They then face potentially life-threatening risks from early pregnancy, and
often lost hopes for an education and a better income.
·
Age
groups are affected differently when struck with poverty; its most devastating
effects are on children, to whom it poses a great threat. It affects their
education, health, nutrition, and security. It also negatively affects the
emotional, spiritual and emotional development of children through the
environment it creates.
2. Zero
Hunger - End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
·
Globally,
1 in 9 people are undernourished, the vast majority of these people live in
developing countries
·
Agriculture
is the single largest employer in the world, providing livelihoods for 40 per
cent of today’s global population. It is the largest source of income and jobs
for poor rural households. Women comprise on average 43 per cent of the
agricultural labor force in developing countries, and over 50 per cent in parts
of Asia and Africa, yet they only own 20% of the land.
·
Poor
nutrition causes nearly half (45 per cent) of deaths in children under five –
3.1 million children each year.
3. Good
Health and Well-being
- Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
·
Significant
strides have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the
common killers associated with child and maternal mortality, and major progress
has been made on increasing access to clean water and sanitation, reducing
malaria, tuberculosis, polio and the spread of HIV/AIDS.
·
However,
only half of women in developing countries have received the health care they
need, and the need for family planning in increasing exponentially, while the
need met is growing slowly- more than 225 million women have an unmet need for
contraception.
·
An
important target is to substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses
from pollution-related diseases.
4. Quality
Education - Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
·
Major
progress has been made for education access, specifically at the primary school
level, for both boys and girls. However, access does not always mean quality of
education, or completion of primary school. Currently, 103 million youth
worldwide still lack basic literacy skills, and more than 60 per cent of them
are women
·
Target
1 "By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and
quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and Goal-4
effective learning outcomes"- shows the commitment to nondiscriminatory
education outcomes
5. Gender
Equality - Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
·
Providing
women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and
representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel
sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large
·
While
a record 143 countries guaranteed equality between men and women in their
Constitutions by 2014, another 52 had not taken this step. In many nations,
gender discrimination is still woven through legal and social norms
·
Though
goal 5 is the gender equality stand-alone goal- the SDG's can only be
successful if women are completely integrated into each and every goal
6.
Clean Water and Sanitation - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7.
Affordable and Clean Energy - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8.
Decent Work and Economic Growth - Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9.
Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10.
Reduced Inequalities - Reduce income inequality within and among countries
11.
Sustainable Cities and Communities - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable
12.
Responsible Consumption and Production - Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns
13.
Climate Action - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts by regulating emissions and promoting
developments in renewable energy
14.
Life Below Water - Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15.
Life on Land - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16.
Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions - Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and
inclusive institutions at all levels
17.
Partnerships for the Goals - Strengthen the means of implementation and
revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
As of August 2015,
there were 169 proposed targets for these goals and 304 proposed indicators to
show compliance.
Some
good, critical comment on the SDGs
A report by the International Food Policy Research
Institute (IFPRI) criticized the goals of the SDGs as not
ambitious enough. Instead of aiming for an end to poverty by 2030, the report
"An Ambitious Development Goal: Ending Hunger and Undernutrition by
2025" called for a greater emphasis on eliminating hunger and
undernutrition and achieving that in 5 years less, by 2025. It based its claims
on an analysis of the experiences from China, Vietnam, Brazil and Thailand and
identifies 3 pathways to achieving this goal: agriculture-led, social protection,
and nutrition intervention-led, or a combination of these approaches.
The
SDGs have been criticized for being contradictory, because in seeking high
levels of global GDP growth, they will undermine their own ecological objectives. It has also been noted that,
in relation to the headline goal of eliminating extreme poverty, "a
growing number of scholars are pointing out that $1.25 is actually not adequate
for human subsistence," and the poverty line should be
revised to as high as $5.
A
commentary in The Economist argued that the 169 targets for the SDGs are too many, calling them
"sprawling," "misconceived," and "a mess"
compared to the Millennium Development Goals. It also criticised the goals for ignoring
local context and promoting "cookie-cutter development policies."
They claimed that all other sustainable development goals are founded on
achieving SDG number one. The Economist
estimated that trying to alleviate poverty and achieving the other sustainable
development goals will require about US$2 trillion to 3 trillion per annum for
the next 15 years, which critics do not see as being feasible. The reduction in
the number of people living in abject poverty has been criticized as a result
of the growth of China; the MDGs have been mistakenly credited for this drop.
The SDGs have also been criticized due to the inherent shortcomings in the very
concept of sustainable development and the inability of the latter to either
stabilize rising carbon dioxide concentration or ensure environmental harmony.
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/ng-interactive/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-changing-world-17-steps-interactive
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/ng-interactive/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-changing-world-17-steps-interactive
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/nov/26/implementing-sustainable-development-goals
Intersectoral linkages
Water, sanitation,
and hygiene
WASH experts have stated that without progress
on Goal 6, the other goals and targets will not be able to be achieved.
Climate change
Nations
and other parties negotiating at the UN have highlighted the links between the
post-2015 SDG process, the Financing for Development process to be concluded in Addis Ababa in
July 2015, and the COP 21 Climate Change conference in Paris in
December 2015.
In May
2015, a report concluded that only a very ambitious climate deal in Paris in
2015 will enable countries to reach the sustainable development goals and
targets. The report also states that tackling climate change will only be
possible if the SDGs are met; and that development and climate are inextricably
linked, particularly around poverty, gender equality, and energy. The UN
encourages the public sector to take initiative in this effort for minimizing
negative impacts on the environment.
Women and gender
equality
Despite
stand-alone goals on health, gender equality and education, among others, there
is widespread consensus that progress against any and all of the SDGs will be
stalled if women's empowerment and gender equality is not prioritized.
Arguments and evidence from sources as diverse and as economically oriented as
the OECD, to expected sources such as UN Women, bolster the case that
investments in women and girls impact national and global development in ways
that exceed their initial scope of interest.
Economic growth and
infrastructure
World Pensions Council (WPC) development economists have argued that
the twin considerations of long-term economic growth and infrastructure
investment weren’t addressed properly and prioritized as they should be: “More worryingly, ‘Work and Economic Growth’
and ‘Technological Innovation and Infrastructure Investment’ joined the
[SDGs] priority list at N°8 and N°9
respectively, a rather mediocre ranking which defies economic common sense”
We
should also consider the contradictions involved in trying to achieve goals 1-3
and 8-9 at the same time as goals 13-15, as well as problems with achieving all
of the goals given current global demographic trends.
This
World Bank Analysis seems very convincing:
http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/wdi-2016-highlights-featuring-sdgs-booklet.pdf
Also interesting:
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2016/oct/05/sustainable-development-goals-most-difficult-targets
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/sep/30/businesses-ignore-un-sustainable-development-goals-survey
demographic trends and the SDGs http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/pop1039.doc.htm
http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/africas-population-growth-could-undermine-sustainability-goals
http://mahb.stanford.edu/blog/population-dynamics-sdgs/
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/aug/25/high-birth-rates-poverty-undermine-generation-african-children-odi-report
those still at risk http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2016/06/14/reca-da-de-millones-de-latinoamericanos-a-la-pobreza-es-evitable-con-pol-ticas-publicas-de-nueva-generaci-n-pnud.html
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/02/20/poverty-has-fallen-yet-many-cambodians-are-still-at-risk-of-slipping-back-into-poverty
http://www.worldbank.org/en/webarchives/archive?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2F2016%2F10%2F17%2Fpoverty-has-fallen-in-the-maghreb-but-inequality-persists
https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/6878/Poverty_vulnerability_and_the_middle_class_in_Latin_America.pdf
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/05/rate-of-environmental-damage-increasing-across-planet-but-still-time-to-reverse-worst-impacts/
http://whygreeneconomy.org/the-politics-of-the-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/
http://www.agweb.com/article/bill_gates_agricultural_productivity_is_key_to_reducing_world_poverty/
and this aticle makes a powerful argument:
https://newint.org/blog/2015/09/25/un-sdgs-miss-point/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/07/21/a-new-report-rated-countries-on-sustainable-development-and-the-u-s-did-horribly/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.568eac2493c7
Progress
on SDGs in 2017
https://www.theguardian.com/working-in-development/2017/dec/05/warm-and-cuddly-global-goals-sdgs-international-community-has-to-get-real
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sustainable-development-goals-are-country-led-and-country_us_59c28d3be4b0c3e70e74296f
http://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/new_metrics/sustainable_brands/sdg_progress_report_reveals_countries_lag_behind_deliv
https://www.triplepundit.com/2017/06/second-un-sdg-report-progress-work-data-needed/
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/paul-bulcke/linking-our-agendas-the-s_b_10566088.html
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2017/TheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsReport2017.pdf
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2017/goal-01/
“Implementation has begun, but the clock is ticking,” stated Mr.
Guterres. “This report shows that the rate of progress in many areas is far
slower than needed to meet the targets by 2030.” a quote from the report https://www.un.org/development/desa/publications/sdg-report-2017.html
https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/2017-atlas-sustainable-development-goals-new-visual-guide-data-and-development
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/launch-version-report-jmp-water-sanitation-hygiene.pdf
https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/executive_summary_en_for_web.pdf
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/8461633/KS-04-17-780-EN-N.pdf/f7694981-6190-46fb-99d6-d092ce04083f
https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/09175c_30e9d8eda4144f40b71eb8b487ba6d69.pdf
2018
https://www.un.org/development/desa/publications/the-sustainable-development-goals-report-2018.html
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
https://www.istat.it/it/files/2018/07/SDGs.pdf
https://qz.com/africa/1299149/how-the-uns-sustainable-development-goals-undermine-democracy/
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/sep/30/businesses-ignore-un-sustainable-development-goals-survey
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/09/sustainable-development-goals-bali-human-capital
https://www.theguardian.com/working-in-development/2017/dec/05/warm-and-cuddly-global-goals-sdgs-international-community-has-to-get-real
https://www.eco-business.com/news/the-world-will-fail-to-achieve-the-sdgsheres-how-business-can-fix-that/
https://www.eco-business.com/opinion/are-the-sdgs-unsustainable/
https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1476825/sdgs-report-card-is-out-and-asia-pacific-is-failing
In Italy 2019
https://asvis.it/
https://asvis.it/agenda-2030/
https://www.unric.org/it/agenda-2030
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/nov/06/italy-to-school-students-in-sustainability-and-climate-crisis
http://www.earthday.it/Vivere-Green/Italia-e-Agenda-2030-a-che-punto-siamo-Legge-di-Bilancio-e-analisi-ASviS
https://www.infodata.ilsole24ore.com/2019/06/25/agenda-onu-2030-litalia-raggiunto-solo-12-dei-105-target-previsti/
https://www.adnkronos.com/sostenibilita/in-pubblico/2019/10/04/sviluppo-sostenibile-asvis-non-siamo_oRDXtzCz7L2eHTiUPrXdsM.html
and
a 2019 update on general progress towards the SDGs
https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/11/1050831 Worrying!
https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1046132 Worrying!
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/oct/03/climate-action-un-antonio-guterres https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/22700E_2019_XXXX_Report_of_the_SG_on_the_progress_towards_the_SDGs_Special_Edition.pdf
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf
https://www.unece.org/info/media/presscurrent-press-h/sdgs/2019/sdg-snapshot-report-highlights-strong-progress-but-persistent-challenges-for-unece-region/doc.html
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/07/31/figures-of-the-week-africas-progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals/
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/03/not-one-single-country-set-to-achieve-gender-equality-by-2030
https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/un-desa-policy-brief-81-impact-of-covid-19-on-sdg-progress-a-statistical-perspective/
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty
https://asiatimes.com/2020/08/covid-19-and-the-global-economy-role-of-sdgs/
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/goal-of-the-month/
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2020/10/21/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-global-extreme-poverty/
https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_framework_report_on_covid-19.pdf
https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/11/1077542
https://news.un.org/en/news/topic/sdgs