domenica 26 novembre 2023

The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023:

https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/

Click on each page in 'Explore the Report'

Global food crisis: what you need to know in 2023

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-food-crisis-what-you-need-know-2023

https://www.wfp.org/global-hunger-crisis

https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/goal-02/

Lessons from Brexit?

Lessons for the UK and other EU members flirting with withdrawal.

1) Don’t hold a referendum unless the electorate know what they are voting about. And don’t let a referendum be used as a protest vote about other things. The Remain campaign failed to communicate the essential point to the public - that during its EU membership Britain’s GDP grew more that those of the US, Germany and France.

https://www.inet.ox.ac.uk/news/brexit/

Lessons for the UK

Economic

A soft Brexit never really existed. The EU is a customs union and without being in the EU, there is no easy access into it for British companies. It has left many UK companies without enough trained staff after the departure of EU workers.

Discounting the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, Brexit has had a negative effect on the economy and so far, the promised opportunities (rapid trade treaties with other countries) have not materialized. Job prospects for young British citizens within Europe are now much reduced.

Political

There is now the problem of the Northern Ireland border and Brexit exacerbated the Scottish independence question.

The Brexit campaign was largely fought on the immigration question, paradoxically often in terms of attitudes to non-EU immigration. While immigration from the EU has fallen, non-EU immigration has not been reduced by Brexit but has increased

https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/commentaries/why-has-non-eu-migration-to-the-uk-risen/

Meanwhile illegal migration continues.

Lessons for the EU

The EU adopted the right approach, trying to maintain a positive attitude to relations with the UK after Brexit. At the same time, it needs to be more effective in communicating with and listening to its citizens and fulfilling its promises on jobs and prosperity if it wants to stem the rise of ultra-nationalist or anti-EU parties.

The EU needs to create a more flexible decision-making processi f it is going to be able to achieve real unity and effective action.

For background see also:

https://youngdip.blogspot.com/2019/10/brexit.html

giovedì 23 novembre 2023

Italy, the EU and the Balkans

https://www.esteri.it/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2023/04/tajani-limpegno-italiano-per-lintegrazione-dei-balcani-nella-ue-il-messaggero/

https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Piano-Regione-Adriatico-Balcanica_DEF_ridotto.pdf

https://ilpiccolo.gelocal.it/speciale/il-piccolo-balcani/2023/11/17/news/meloni_zagabria_italia_e_croazia_allargamento_ue_balcani_occidentali-13868656/

https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/dichiarazioni-alla-stampa-con-il-primo-ministro-dalbania-lintervento-del-presidente-meloni

https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-statement-prime-minister-albania/24195

https://formiche.net/2023/03/migrazioni-allargamento-balcani-tajani/

https://www.ansa.it/ansa_4_diplomacy/notizie/2023/01/24/meloni-allargare-ai-balcani-deve-diventare-una-priorita-ue_c753b8ac-d386-41a6-8bca-7b3ec2b5e54e.html

https://www.mase.gov.it/pagina/strategia-ue-la-regione-adriatico-e-ionica-eusair

https://www.adriatic-ionian.eu/

https://www.adriatic-ionian.eu/eusair-presidency-of-the-republic-of-croatia/

https://www.adriatic-ionian.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/EUSAIR-CRO-presidency-brochure.pdf

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2023/02/un-piano-strategico-per-la-regione-adriatico-balcanica/

https://www.aise.it/farnesina/un-piano-strategico-per-la-regione-adriaticobalcanica/187258/125

https://balkaninsight.com/2023/01/30/italy-seeks-higher-profile-role-in-western-balkans/

https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/melons-the-balkans-are-strategic-for-our-country-we-want-to-bring-more-italy-to-the-region/

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2023/01/tajani-la-conferenza-sui-balcani-a-trieste-italia-protagonista-il-sole-24-ore/

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2023/01/tajani-sui-balcani-in-ue-bisogna-accelerare-no-a-ulteriori-ritardi-piccolo-di-trieste/

https://it.euronews.com/2023/01/24/a-trieste-la-conferenza-che-spiana-la-strada-europea-per-i-balcani

https://www.cespi.it/it/eventi-attualita/dibattiti/la-ue-i-balcani-la-scommessa-dellallargamento/limpegno-dellitalia-nei

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/europa/balcani/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/europa/balcani/cooperazione-regionale-e-ruolo-dellitalia/

https://europedirect.comune.trieste.it/il-ruolo-del-friuli-venezia-giulia-nellintegrazione-europea-dei-balcani-occidentali/

https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/non-solo-africa-perche-all-italia-interessano-anche-balcani-AE6GwfZC?refresh_ce=1

What is or should be the role of youth in international affairs? In what ways are the interests of the younger generation different from or the same as those of older generations?

The definition of 'youth' according to the UN is roughly 15-24 years old.

https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/youth

https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/youth/fact-sheets/youth-definition.pdf

Here are some links and notes to get you started on research for an essay.

Some of the challenges regarding young Italians:

https://alleyoop.ilsole24ore.com/2022/06/09/preoccupazioni-giovani/?refresh_ce=1

https://formiche.net/2022/03/giovani-italiani-mastrapasqua/

https://www.oasiscenter.eu/it/rapporto-giovani-2022-il-futuro-comincia-ora-istituto-toniolo

https://www.linkiesta.it/2018/03/perche-solo-in-italia-e-un-problema-essere-giovani-nellera-dei-giovani/

https://www.regioni.it/newsletter/n-4526/del-07-07-2023/istat-rapporto-annuale-2023-la-situazione-del-paese-25716/#:~:text=Secondo%20l'Istat%2C%20la%20dimensione,formazione%20(i%20cosiddetti%20Neet).

https://tg24.sky.it/economia/2023/10/12/istat-giovani-lavoro-italia

https://www.istat.it/it/files/2014/10/focus-giovani.pdf

https://alleyoop.ilsole24ore.com/2022/04/11/giovani-mercato-lavoro/?refresh_ce=1

https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/topic/neets

https://am.pictet/it/blog/articoli/mercati-e-investimenti/neet-il-rapporto-tra-giovani-e-lavoro

https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/resources/article/2023/minimum-wage-debate-italy

Now examine some current and recent events connected with youth, e.g.in Iran, China or Peru, or Fridays for Future

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/sep/18/we-never-stopped-protesting-irans-youth-take-freedom-fight-underground

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/08/we-just-want-to-live-in-a-normal-world-chinas-young-protesters-speak-out-and-disappear

https://www.thenation.com/article/activism/peru-youth-indigenous-protests-dina-boluarte/

https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/08/21/from-solo-protest-to-global-movement-five-years-of-fridays-for-future-in-pictures

Have a look at the activities, initiatives and positions or statements by international relations organizations, governments and public figures, e.g. or a public position or statement by an international relations figure, e.g.the President of the European Commission, Mrs. Ursula von der Leyen in her State of the Union address in September 2023

https://www.alda-europe.eu/library/state-of-the-union-2023/

or Greta Thunberg's impassioned speech at the United Nations Climate Action Summit on 23 September 2019

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9KxE4Kv9A8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KAJsdgTPJpU

at the Youth4Climate Pre-COP26 on 29 set 2021

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiwRQnNlNGU

and during the COP26 in November2021

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0FzWOBY-Yc

or her warning at the 2023 COP 28 preparatory conference

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMyLBhznULM

or Boyan Slat’s Ocean Cleanup project

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ocean_Cleanup

https://theoceancleanup.com/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Es1LxkSScq8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyan_Slat
https://www.readersdigest.ca/culture/european-year-boyan-slatan-wants-clean-oceans/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROW9F-c0kIQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBaTeXZNk9c

https://www.greenme.it/informarsi/ambiente/ocean-cleanup-funziona/

https://www.cleanocean.org/news/who-is-boyan-slat #

https://theoceancleanup.com/

https://theoceancleanup.com/updates/the-ocean-cleanup-unveils-plan-to-address-the-main-source-of-ocean-plastic-pollution-rivers/

https://www.corriere.it/esteri/18_giugno_14/boyan-slat-ocean-cleanup-pulizia-oceano-d294d190-6f46-11e8-a02e-ff9bef420dad.shtml?refresh_ce-cp

Youth and the Covid-19 pandemic

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_753057.pdf

https://www.coe.int/en/web/youth/-/youth-and-covid-19-survey-report

https://rm.coe.int/youth-and-covid-19-survey-report-english/16809feb26

https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/topic/neets

https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/topic/youth

http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9531en/ and the links it includes

https://www.unicef.org/media/66761/file/Practical-Tips-on-Engaging-Adolescents-and-Youth-in-the-COVID-19-Response-2020.pdf

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---ilo-ankara/documents/publication/wcms_771428.pdf

You should have a look on Google at: Emma González, Gitanjali Rao, Sophie Cruz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Gonz%C3%A1lez

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanjali_Rao_(inventor)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Cruz

and also at https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/the-top-10-young-leaders-of-europe-poised-to-transform-the-world/

And at the death of Mahsa Amini in Iran and other young female protesters

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/sep/16/iranian-woman-dies-after-being-beaten-by-morality-police-over-hijab-law

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/oct/07/another-teenage-girl-dead-at-hands-of-irans-security-forces-reports-claim

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahsa_Amini_protests

Talk online to an Italian UN Youth Delegate about his/her experience and look at:

https://www.facebook.com/UNYouthDelegateItaly

https://www.sioi.org/attivita/eventi-speciali/unydp/unydp-2324/

https://comunicazioneinform.it/sioiun-youth-delegate-programme-italy-2023-24-si-apre-il-mandato-dei-nuovi-giovani-delegati-ditalia-alle-nazioni-unite-annarita-napolitano-e-giacomo-di-capua/

https://www.sioi.org/attivita/eventi-speciali/unydp/?lang=en

https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/unyditaly/

https://twitter.com/UNYDItaly

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lVTLs6aTLc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aHINt2IrxE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6wGeJi3vcg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHnC6GzCAIk

https://www.sioi.org/attivita/eventi-speciali/unydp/whatisunydp/

https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/youth/fact-sheets/youth-participation.pdf

https://www.onuitalia.com/2020/12/14/italys-youth-delegates-how-we-changed-the-covid-challenge-into-an-opportunity/

https://press.un.org/en/2022/gashc4343.doc.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A8au53W5Dg

https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N19/422/54/PDF/N1942254.pdf?OpenElement

https://www.un.org/ecosoc/en/ecosoc-youth-forum

https://www.instagram.com/unyd_italy/

https://www.facebook.com/UNYouthDelegateItaly/

https://www.sioi.org/attivita/focus-on/unydp-2/

https://twitter.com/unyditaly

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4Faz7CNT8k

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwT1QrWaj60

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJWx2pXcgPQ

https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/what-we-do/youth-delegate-programme.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoxprhVAZKM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbShXrsFmOA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4Faz7CNT8k

at the UN

https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/

https://social.desa.un.org/issues/youth/events/international-youth-day-2023

https://www.un.org/en/observances/youth-day

https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/issue-briefs.html

https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/what-we-do/faq.html

https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/what-we-do.html

https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/world-youth-report.html

EU Youth Delegates and youth and the EU

https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/un-new-york/meet-eu-youth-delegates-un-78th-general-assembly-session_en?s=63

https://youth.europa.eu/home_en

at the Y7 and y20

https://www.esteri.it/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2022/11/g7-e-g20-youth-engagement-group-la-young-ambassadors-society-sta-selezionando-la-delegazione-italiana-per-y7-e-y20/

Africa

https://www.un.org/ohrlls/news/young-people%E2%80%99s-potential-key-africa%E2%80%99s-sustainable-development

https://ilostat.ilo.org/african-youth-face-pressing-challenges-in-the-transition-from-school-to-work/#:~:text=More%20than%2072%20million%20youth,work%20for%20all%20by%202030.

https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023-05/undp-africa-youth-in-africa-2023-EN.pdf

https://bmr.co.za/2023/08/17/the-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-the-wellbeing-of-south-african-youth/

mercoledì 22 novembre 2023

Confindustria

https://www.confindustria.it/home/centro-studi/prodotti/previsioni/rapporto/congiuntura+e+previsioni/rapporto-previsione-economia-italiana-autunno-2023

Italy's sovereign debt rating and some economic indicators

Credit rating and outlook

https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/moodys-lifts-italys-debt-outlook-stable-boost-meloni-govt-2023-11-17/#:~:text=Nov%2017%20(Reuters)%20%2D%20Moody's,Prime%20Minister%20Giorgia%20Meloni's%20government.

https://www.barrons.com/news/moody-s-affirms-italy-credit-rating-upgrades-outlook-0df065b2

https://news.italy24.press/local/1046870.html

https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/moodys-lifts-italys-debt-outlook-stable-boost-meloni-govt-2023-11-17/

https://www.italiaoggi.it/news/acquitted-by-moody-s-but-caught-amid-challenges-2618884

https://www.corriere.it/economia/finanza/cards/moody-s-promuove-l-italia-pnrr-banche-perche-l-agenzia-rating-ha-alzato-l-outlook/moody-s-promuove-l-italia-baa3_principale.shtml

https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/fitch-affirms-italy-at-bbb-outlook-stable-10-11-2023

Economic Indicators

https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-surveillance-eu-economies/italy/economic-forecast-italy_en

https://tradingeconomics.com/italy/unemployment-rate

https://www.fxstreet.com/economic-calendar/event/5253b9ed-e2bd-47a8-a0ed-c3fe85dd5368

https://tradingeconomics.com/italy/balance-of-trade

https://tradingeconomics.com/italy/interest-rate

https://www.bancaditalia.it/media/notizia/new-releases-of-working-papers-and-newsletter-on-the-economic-research-of-the-bank-of-italy-17-november-2023/?dotcache=refresh

venerdì 17 novembre 2023

The International Crisis Group - an interesting organisation

https://www.crisisgroup.org/

and Dr Comfort Ero

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlPG2WUHLH4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmLBgtcyfFM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTsByDLOv3g

The rest is politics - a regular podcast on politics in the UK and international relations

https://open.spotify.com/episode/2q7i8oyly8JFarInDN2jHx

giovedì 16 novembre 2023

‘Between’ and ‘among’

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/between-among/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIwK2P7N2B_QIVzQaLCh21lwC3EAAYASAAEgJrTvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/it/grammatica/grammatica-britannico/between-or-among

https://www.terminologiaetc.it/2018/07/09/uso-traduzione-among-between/

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=11243

https://www.englishpractice.com/quiz/exercise-11/

http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-exercises-prepositions-test-9.html#.X_Lg99hKjIU

http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/between-versus-among?page=all

Opportunities and challenges: economic, social, and political impacts of climate change in the Arctic and the need for cooperation.

This first video has a lot to say about Italy and the Arctic

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DX-RI0odqtQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfw3LJm1DDM&t=3369s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4D_f0T_XBHc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjqPlhXnugI

https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=720487422190375

https://www.centrostudi-italiacanada.it/articles/italy_canada_and_the_arctic_same_values_and_common_goals-213

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2024)754604

https://esthinktank.com/2024/01/10/arctic-exceptionalism-or-ice-curtain-collaboration-and-conflict-in-the-arctic-amid-escalating-geopolitical-strains/

https://www.defensenews.com/global/the-americas/2024/04/09/canada-vows-renewed-focus-on-arctic-defense-equipment-purchases/

The first few articles contain good introductory material to outline the current situation and frame the questions.

https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3213/2022-arctic-summer-sea-ice-tied-for-10th-lowest-on-record/

https://www.france24.com/en/russia/20220420-war-in-ukraine-threatens-geopolitical-balance-in-the-arctic

https://www.cfr.org/report/arctic-governance#:~:text=These%20issues%20include%3A%20opposing%20North,status%20of%20the%20Northeast%20and

https://ec.europa.eu/environment/international_issues/arctic_en.htm

https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/arctic-within-eu-strategies-renewed-centrality

https://www.aies.at/download/2023/AIES-Fokus-2023-05.pdf

https://arcticfrontiers.com/2023-wrap-up/

https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/frna_-_eng_-interne_-_17-06-web_cle4fcfcc.pdf

https://www.ocean-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-arctic_07-9.pdf

https://arctic-council.org/en/

https://www.interreg-npa.eu/arctic-cooperation/

https://carnegieeurope.eu/2019/11/28/military-and-environmental-challenges-in-arctic-pub-80424

https://www.arcticcentre.org/EN/arcticregion/Arctic-Indigenous-Peoples#

https://www.intechopen.com/books/arctic-studies-a-proxy-for-climate-change/indigenous-communities-in-the-arctic-change-in-socio-economic-and-environmental-perspective

https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/return-great-power-competition-arctic/

https://www.interreg-npa.eu/about/programme-in-brief/

https://www.interreg-npa.eu/

https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/whats-stake-rising-competition-arctic

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52915807

https://www.severe-weather.eu/news/arctic-circle-oil-spill-disaster-fa/

https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/covid-19-arctic-the-arctic-institute-winter-series-2020-2021/

https://www.arctictoday.com/covid-19-and-the-arctic/

https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/44959/we-are-going-to-the-arctic/

https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/issues/protect-the-arctic/

https://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/tag/arctic/

https://pame.is/mema/MEMAdatabase/349_Arctic%20Human%20Development%20Report.pdf

Italy

https://amboslo.esteri.it/en/news/dall_ambasciata/2023/10/italy-at-the-2023-arctic-circle/ 2023

https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/italys-growing-interest-arctic 2022 SIOI

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/europa/artico/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/europa/artico/italia-e-artico/

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/europa/artico/artico/

https://www.osservatorioartico.it/strategia-italia-artico/ (2020)

https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1105156.pdf (2018)

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2016/06/strategy_for_the_arctic_may_2016.pdf (2016)

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2016/06/italy_in_the_arctic.pdf (2016)

https://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/Conosciamoci/notizie/Pagine/20161215_eppr.aspx (2016)

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2019/11/verso_una_strategia_italiana_per_lartico__linee_guida_nazionali.pdf (2015)

https://narfu.ru/upload/iblock/065/11_lagutina.pdf

https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/aree_geografiche/europa/artico

https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2015/04/venice-international-university.html

Then whatever else you have time for:

http://tietokayttoon.fi/documents/10616/3866814/15_Arctic+Europe_Bringing+together+the+EU+Arctic+Policy.pdf/761dc7e8-ad2d-4d9a-a2f2-f0436efd5063?version=1.0

http://www.ocean-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-arctic_07-9.pdf

http://safety4sea.com/challenges-opportunities-emerging-arctic-change/

http://www.highnorthnews.com/op-ed-quo-vadis-arctic-the-european-union-and-its-northern-neighbourhood/

https://www.fni.no/news/the-european-union-and-the-geopolitics-of-the-arctic-article1671-330.html

https://accelfellowship.wordpress.com/opportunities-and-challenges-economic-social-and-political-impacts-of-climate-change-in-the-arctic/

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/aree_geografiche/europa/artico

http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/aree_geografiche/europa/artico/strategia-dell-italia-nell-artico.html

http://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2016/06/italy_in_the_arctic.pdf

http://barentsobserver.com/en/energy/2013/11/italian-arctic-strategy-unfolding-russian-oil-29-11

http://www.greenpeace.org/italy/it/campagne/Salviamo-il-clima/Save-The-Arctic/

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/20/italian-composer--ludovico-einaudi-solemn-gig-in-the-arctic/

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/arctic-development-stalls_us_56a2b40be4b076aadcc6c444

http://energyfuse.org/low-oil-prices-undercut-arctic-oil-dreams/

http://www.reuters.com/article/oil-europe-investment-idUSL4N0SM3Y420141028

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Passage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpolar_Sea_Route

http://www.un.org/en/events/indigenousday/pdf/Backgrounder_ClimateChange_FINAL.pdf

http://www.greenfacts.org/en/arctic-climate-change/l-2/7-effects-on-people.htm

http://www.arcticcentre.org/EN/communications/arcticregion/Arctic-Indigenous-Peoples

http://unchronicle.un.org/article/climate-change-arctic-inuit-reality/

So you could approach the topic by explaining, or outlining hopes and concerns, about:

1) the effects of recent climate change on the Arctic region and the opportunities and challenges these changes bring.

2) the dangers to the environment and the indigenous peoples

3) who the main actors are and what their interests are.

4) cooperation – the institutional framework and the reality on the ground

5) Italy and the EU’s position

6) competition on the ground

In an essay you should give real examples throughout and refer to events and statements in 2019-23. In your conclusion you could quickly summarise the opportunities, challenges and dangers and stress the need for multilateralism and protection of the environment and its inhabitants.