lunedì 30 settembre 2024

Italy’s role as an active member of the international community and Italy’s international stance.

https://www.esteri.it/it/

https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230723-italy-s-meloni-hosts-conference-on-immigration-with-regional-leaders

https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/italia-africa-un-ponte-una-crescita-comune/24851

https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/italia-africa-bridge-common-growth/24853

https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-conference-nato-summit-vilnius/23142

https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ISPI_FPC-Piano-Mattei.pdf

https://ecfr.eu/publication/romes-moment-draghi-multilateralism-and-italys-new-strategy/

https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-visits-albania/25953

https://www.governo.it/en/node/26195

older

https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PROTOCOLLO-ITALIA-ALBANIA-in-materia-migratoria.pdf

Articolo 11 della Costituzione Italiana

L'Italia ripudia la guerra come strumento di offesa alla libertà degli altri popoli e come mezzo di risoluzione delle controversie internazionali; consente, in condizioni di parità con gli altri Stati, alle limitazioni di sovranità necessarie ad un ordinamento che assicuri la pace e la giustizia fra le Nazioni; promuove e favorisce le organizzazioni internazionali rivolte a tale scopo.

https://www.senato.it/1025?sezione=118&articolo_numero_articolo=11

Article 11 of the Constitution of Italy says:

Italy rejects war as an instrument of aggression against the freedom of other peoples and as a means for the settlement of international disputes. Italy agrees, on conditions of equality with other States, to the limitations of sovereignty that may be necessary to a world order ensuring peace and justice among the Nations. Italy promotes and encourages international organisations having such ends.

http://www.educational.rai.it/materiali/pdf_articoli/22122.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federalist_Movement

Some general background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy

The division of Italian diplomatic history since the foundation of the Republic  into 3 main phases.

Italy is considered to be both a major regional power and a middle power with membership in prominent institutions or groups such as the UN, the EUNATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the DAC, the WTOG6G7G8G10G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Latin Union, the Council of Europe, the Central European Initiative, the ASEM (Asia-Europe Meeting) and the Uniting for Consensus group (nicknamed the Coffee Club) at the UN. Italy currently (2019) maintains the world's 12th-largest nominal defense budget 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures

10th strongest for firepower

2024 Military Strength Ranking (globalfirepower.com)

and is a participant in the NATO nuclear sharing policy. During 2017, Italy was a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council by virtue of its election on 28 June 2016 and in compliance with the Hague Convention providing for the division of the 2017-2018 two-year mandate with Holland.

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf

Italy was a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and strong supporter of a wide number of international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative. Its recent or upcoming turns in the rotating presidency of international organizations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in 2018, the G7 in 2017 and the  from July to December 2014. Italy is also a recurrent non-permanent member of the EU Council, as mentioned above, most recently in 2017. On 1 January 2019, Italy took over the rotating Presidency of the Central European Initiative (CEI).

http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/eu/regional-initiatives/cei

https://www.esteri.it/mae/it/politica_estera/aree_geografiche/europa/ooii/presidenza-italiana-iniziativa-centro-europeo.html

Italy’s role in the world, some examples:

Italy on the UN Security Council in 2017

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf

https://ambbogota.esteri.it/ambasciata_bogota/it/ambasciata/news/dall_ambasciata/vuoto02.html#:~:text=Dal%201%20gennaio%202017%20l,pace%20e%20della%20sicurezza%20internazionali.

Italy’s Presidency of the G20, 2021, and the G20 ROME LEADERS’ DECLARATION

https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/documenti/documenti/Notizie-allegati/G20Italy/G20ROMELEADERSDECLARATION.pdf

COP26

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/g20-e-cop26-il-ruolo-dellitalia-32349

COP27

https://italy.representation.ec.europa.eu/notizie-ed-eventi/notizie/lue-approva-il-compromesso-della-cop27-mantenere-vivo-laccordo-di-parigi-e-proteggere-le-persone-piu-2022-11-21_it

Meloni’s speech in Italian: https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/intervento-del-presidente-meloni-al-vertice-dei-capi-di-stato-e-di-governo-cop27/20927

Meloni’s speech in English: https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-speech-cop27-world-leaders-summit/20951

COP28 https://asvis.it/editoriali/1288-19130/i-prossimi-passi-per-litalia-dopo-le-decisioni-della-cop-28

Meloni’s speech in Italian: https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/cop28-l-intervento-del-presidente-meloni-alla-sessione-plenaria-high-level-segment-heads

 Meloni’s speech in English: https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-melonis-speech-cop28-high-level-segment-heads-state-and-government/24479

Italy and UN Security Council Reform

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/la_riforma/

https://onuitalia.com/2023/09/05/unsc-reform-italy-in-favor-of-restraining-veto-power/

PM Draghi’s speech at the OECD Ministerial Council Meeting https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/pm-draghi-s-speech-oecd-ministerial-council-meeting/20038

The Italian Strategy in the  Mediterranean

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/12/rapporto-med-maeci-ita.pdf

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/11/rapporto-med-maeci-2017-eng.pdf

https://www.esteri.it/it/uapsds/collaborazione-maeci-ispi-per-med/

Artificial Intelligence

https://assets.innovazione.gov.it/1637937177-programma-strategico-iaweb-2.pdf

https://assets.innovazione.gov.it/1637777513-strategic-program-aiweb.pdf

The Regional Plan for the Adriatic-Balkans area

https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Piano-Regione-Adriatico-Balcanica_DEF_ridotto.pdf

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2023/04/tajani-limpegno-italiano-per-lintegrazione-dei-balcani-nella-ue-il-messaggero/

https://www.esteri.it/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2023/04/tajani-limpegno-italiano-per-lintegrazione-dei-balcani-nella-ue-il-messaggero/

The Africa/EU Partnership

https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/africa-eu-partnership_it?etrans=it

https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/africa-eu-partnership_en

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54412/final_declaration-en.pdf

The Mattei Plan

https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ISPI_FPC-Piano-Mattei.pdf

https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/the-piano-mattei-a-proposal-to-manage-migration-and-its-governance-structure-138312

https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/meloni-mattei-africa-policy-immigration/

NATO

https://www.comitatoatlantico.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/NATOs-Future_fwl.pdf

2024 https://tg24.sky.it/mondo/2024/07/10/news-vertice-nato-washington-diretta-news

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_227678.htm

2023 https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-conference-nato-summit-vilnius/23142

https://www.med-or.org/news/summit-nato-2023-tra-ucraina-svezia-e-fianco-sud

The traditional idea of the 3 main circles or spheres in which Italian diplomacy operates and some general considerations and criticism:

https://www.itssverona.it/analysing-the-maiden-year-an-overview-of-the-foreign-policy-of-giorgia-melonis-government

https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/italy-eastern-mediterranean-between-continuity-and-new-challenges-27357

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23248823.2018.1544352

https://irsocietyjcu.wordpress.com/2016/02/14/italys-foreign-policy-by-giuseppe-spatafora/comment-page-1/%C3%B9

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03932729.2016.1108613?src=recsys&journalCode=rspe20

https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/goals-and-shortcomings-italys-peace-operations

Italy strongly supports multilateral international policies, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities

Background: https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping/

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping/

https://thenewglobalorder.com/report/report-the-italian-participation-in-peacekeeping-operations/

https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italian-peacekeeping-missions-vast-praised-and-underused

https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/italy

https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/01_contributions_to_un_peacekeeping_operations_by_country_and_post_49_april_22.pdf

https://www.today.it/politica/missioni-italia-estero.html

Main current activities, operations and military commitments, 2024

https://www.affarinternazionali.it/le-missioni-internazionali-2024-quanti-e-dove-sono-i-militari-italiani/

https://www.analisidifesa.it/2024/04/le-missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-nel-2024/

https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare click on each mission symbol

https://www.affarinternazionali.it/le-missioni-internazionali-2024-quanti-e-dove-sono-i-militari-italiani/    2024

https://www.affarinternazionali.it/missioni-internazionali-italiane-non-solo-mediterraneo/   2023

https://www.analisidifesa.it/2023/05/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2023/

https://www.med-or.org/en/news/decreto-missioni-priorit%C3%A0-e-nuovi-impegni-per-litalia-nel-mediterraneo-allargato

https://www.difesa.it/SMD_/Comunicati/Pagine/Difesa_oltre_12mila_militari_impegnati_in_Italia_e_estero_durante_le_festivita.aspx#:~:text=L'Italia%20attualmente%20%C3%A8%20al,opera%20nello%20Stretto%20di%20Hormuz.

https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare

https://www.analisidifesa.it/2023/05/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2023/

Italy, the EU, NATO and Ukraine

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/europa/litalia-a-sostegno-dellucraina/

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/europa/litalia-a-sostegno-dellucraina/

and EU Defence integration

https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italy-punches-below-its-weight-european-defence-fund

https://sldinfo.com/2023/08/european-defence-armaments-cooperation-an-august-2023-update/

and missions in the past

https://leg16.camera.it/561?appro=64&Il+quadro+delle+missioni+militari+dell%27Italia++dal+secondo+dopoguerra+ad+oggi

recent

https://www.milex.org/2022/07/15/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2022-effettivi-e-costi/

https://www.forzeitaliane.it/Esercito-italiano-al-via-tre-nuove-missioni-estero-ecco-dove

https://www.analisidifesa.it/2022/07/qatar-mozambico-ed-est-europa-le-tre-nuove-missioni-italiane/

2024

https://temi.camera.it/leg19/provvedimento/autorizzazione-e-proroga-delle-missioni-internazionali-nel-2024.html have a quick look at all the sections

How many Italian soldiers were there abroad in 2023?

“Development cooperation is an important foreign policy tool, also useful to strengthen our presence and decision-making capacity in international fora,” affirmed Tajani. This is the reasoning behind the decision on military deployment in 2023, which will see Italian personnel operating in a total of 43 missions, with an average planned deployment of around 7,500 soldiers and a maximum authorised contingent of just under 12,000. The total financial expenditures for this commitment amount to approximately €1.31 billion.

From: https://www.med-or.org/en/news/decreto-missioni-priorit%C3%A0-e-nuovi-impegni-per-litalia-nel-mediterraneo-allargato#:~:text=This%20is%20the%20reasoning%20behind,contingent%20of%20just%20under%2012%2C000.

2024 See: https://www.affarinternazionali.it/le-missioni-internazionali-2024-quanti-e-dove-sono-i-militari-italiani/#:~:text=L'Italia%20vanta%20infatti%20all,alle%20missioni%20delle%20Nazioni%20Unite

Recent maps to get an idea of where Italian forces are deployed abroad.


Can anyone find one for 2024 or 2023? If you do, send it to me!


This map is from 04/04/2022: https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/chi-ci-comanda-se-litalia-va-in-guerra

Other maps, slightly older

https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/boots-on-the-ground-litalia-in-armi-e-dove-serve Oct. 2020:

https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/boots-on-the-ground-litalia-in-armi-e-dove-serve?prv=true

https://www.babilonmagazine.it/missioni-italiane-estero-nato-onu-ue/ (05/02/2020)

https://www.remocontro.it/2020/07/03/missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-in-parlamento-e-linteresse-nazionale/ (map and fairly negative view, July 2020)

http://www.limesonline.com/crisi-libia-haftar-serraj-italia-guerra-missione-militare/112041?prv=true  15/04/2019 map

https://www.limesonline.com/le-missioni-militari-italiane/100866 (August 2017)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces 

https://sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it/2020/01/07/le-missioni-italiane-allestero/

https://formiche.net/2020/06/mediterraneo-mappa-militari/

https://www.lenius.it/missioni-militari-italiane-nel-mondo/https://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2021/04/15/afghanistan-road-map-for-italy-troop-pullout-di-maio_2ab5c8c2-ffbd-4760-800c-b142e2fa5a3f.html

https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italian-military-operations-coping-rising-threats-and-declining-us-leadership

https://www.repubblica.it/solidarieta/cooperazione/2021/07/11/news/missioni_internazionali_continua_l_approccio_solo_militare_dell_italia_e_non_l_impegno_per_cancellare_le_disuguaglianze_e-309906924/

and Cyber Security

https://www.cybersecurity360.it/news/italia-cybersecurity-220-milioni-2024/

https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/strategia-nazionale-di-cybersicurezza

UN: Italy’s role in peacekeeping

Italy’s role in UN missions is a significant part of our country’s foreign outreach and responds to the need to safeguard national security in the face of transnational threats. Our contribution to the UN peacekeeping missions is also in keeping with the traditional multilateralism of our foreign policy and with the conviction that, thanks to its universal vocation, the United Nations can play an unparalleled role in supporting the stabilisation of many crisis areas, particularly in the Middle East and Africa.

Italy is the top supplier among Western and EU nations, in terms of military personnel and highly qualified police forces, to UN peacekeeping operations. Italy is also the seventh-ranked contributor to the UN peacekeeping budget. Italy’s participation in UN missions has been widely appreciated and has become a veritable model, thanks above all to our contingents’ capacity for dialogue with the local populations and to the complementarity they have provided between the civilian and military dimensions in stabilisation and peacekeeping operations.

In accordance with its foreign policy priorities, Italy plays an especially key role in the UNIFIL mission in Southern Lebanon, with over 1,000 Italian troops deployed there. Italy also participates in UN missions in Africa, Asia and Europe.

Italy is also active in the training of the police personnel destined for peacekeeping missions. Over 10 thousand Police Units from over 130 countries have been trained at the Centre of Excellence for the Stability Police Units (CoESPU) in Vicenza since 2006. Training has been provided in the areas of international human rights, tackling gender-based violence, the protection of children in conflict situations and restoration of the rule of law.  Italy hosts a United Nations Logistics Base in Brindisi that provides logistics support to all UN peacekeeping operations in its role as a “Global Service Centre”, including in information science and telecommunications. It is also emerging as a centre of excellence and innovation in managing the environmental impact of UN operations.

Source; https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping/

Italy and UNIFIL

https://unric.org/it/unifil-e-il-ruolo-di-peacekeepers-italiani-nella-missione/#:~:text=Il%20ruolo%20dell'Italia,supporto%20del%20mandato%20della%20Missione.

https://www.onuitalia.com/2023/07/29/unifils-joint-task-force-lebanon-sector-west-led-by-italy-completes-projects-to-support-local-communities/

https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare/Pagine/UNIFIL-Contributo-Nazionale.aspx

NATO’s military presence in the east of the Alliance

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm

https://www.analisidifesa.it/2024/06/le-esercitazioni-dei-contingenti-italiani-e-nato-in-bulgaria-e-lettonia/

https://pagineesteri.it/2023/01/10/primo-piano/italia-russia/

The mission to Afghanistan ended at the end of June 2021, (NATO Resolute Support Mission RSM, 895 personnel)

https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2021/06/30/italy-afghanistan-mission-ends_01717133-d1ec-4916-a5fa-13ecbfb3c223.html

https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2019_06/20190625_2019-06-RSM-Placemat.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolute_Support_Missionù

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Police_Mission_in_Afghanistan

https://thegeopolitics.com/why-nato-failed-in-afghanistan/

Italy and Libya

https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare/pagine/libia-mil.aspx

https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-statement-prime-minister-al-dabaiba/21645

https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/charting-risky-waters-italy-and-khalifa-haftars-role-in-libya-134318

Operazione Mediterraneo Sicuro

https://www.marina.difesa.it/cosa-facciamo/per-la-difesa-sicurezza/operazioni-in-corso/Pagine/Mediterraneo_sicuro.aspx

https://www.difesa.it/operazionimilitari/op-intern-corso/operazione-mediterraneo-sicuro/index.html

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Mediterraneo_Sicuro

See the following on the Italian armed forces:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces

https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=italy

The Italian approach to missions is also important:

 La partecipazione alle missioni ONU da parte italiana è particolarmente apprezzata e rappresenta un vero e proprio modello, soprattutto grazie alla capacità di dialogo dei nostri contingenti con le popolazioni locali e alla complementarietà dimostrata tra dimensione civile e militare nelle operazioni di stabilizzazione e mantenimento della pace.

Source; https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping/

As we have seen, Italy has joined in many UNNATO and EU operations as well as providing assistance in  the Middle East peace process, peacekeeping, and combating the illegal drugs tradehuman trafficking, piracy and terrorism.

Moreover, under long-standing bilateral agreements flowing from NATO membership, Italy hosts important U.S. military forces at Vicenza – home of 173d Airborne Brigade – and Livorno (USA); Aviano(USAF); and SigonellaNisida, and Gaeta – home port for the U.S. Navy Sixth Fleet. The United States has about 16,000 military personnel stationed in Italy. Italy hosts the NATO Defence College at Cecchignola, near Rome.

Source: https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/11744334

For more information, go to:  http://www.esteri.it/ and then 

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/ and then

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/

then the UN

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/

then NATO

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/nato/

then look at the other organizations listed on the right, the G7, G20, OSCE (Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe)  the Council of Europe and international economic fora and organisations  - the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Fondo Monetario Internazionale, The World Bank (WB), Club di Parigi, Banca Europea per la Ricostruzione e lo Sviluppo (BERS)
If you go to the site of the  Rappresentanza Permanente d’Italia all’ONU – New York:
https://italyun.esteri.it/it/

you can choose English as the operating language to read and make notes on the following:

The General Assembly

The Security Council

Sustainable Development

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding

Gender Issues

Uniting for Consensus (UfC)

The Ministry odf Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

Some but not all of the following pages are available in English.

https://www.esteri.it/it/

Consular Services

https://www.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/italiani-all-estero/

Politica Estera e Cooperazione allo sviluppo

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/politica_europea/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/temi_globali/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/cooperaz_sviluppo/

https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/diplomazia-giuridica/

Italian Economic Diplomacy (more and more important now)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_diplomacy

Sistema Paese - Country Promotion

https://www.esteri.it/it/ministero/struttura/dgpromozionesistemapaese/ look at all the sections on the right

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-economica-e-politica-commerciale/diplomaziaeconomica/

and all the sections on the right

and some background

Expo Milano

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015

Destinazione Italia

https://www.mimit.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/DESTINAZIONE_ITALIA_version_EN.PDF

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2013/12/20131216_approvato_piano_imprese/

https://www.leggioggi.it/il-decreto-destinazione-italia-e-legge-testo-definitivo-e-misure-principali/

Italy and Trade

https://www.corriere.it/economia/aziende/22_settembre_07/grande-spinta-made-italy-esportazioni-quota-581-miliardi-valgono-terzo-pil-2e863382-2e78-11ed-bf4a-00b229732663.shtml

https://www.infomercatiesteri.it/osservatorio-economico-interscambio-commerciale-italiano-mondo.php#

https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/sace-l-export-italiano-supera-660-miliardi-2023-traino-sostenibilita-e-digitalizzazione-AEkqapnD?refresh_ce=1

https://www.fortuneita.com/2023/08/11/export-e-import-dati-istat-un-giugno-2023-positivo-per-il-made-in-italy/

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_per_valore_delle_esportazioni

but more recently https://www.soa.it/classifica-export-mondiale/

Cultural Diplomacy

Definition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diplomacy

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cultural_diplomacy

Italian Cultural and Scientific Diplomacy

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/

https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/en/about-us/activities/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/reteiic/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/universita/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/cooperculturale/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/archeologiapatrimonioculturale/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/promozionelinguaitaliana/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/reteiic/

for current examples, go to:

https://iiclondra.esteri.it/iic_londra/en/

https://iicwashington.esteri.it/iic_washington/en/

https://iicparigi.esteri.it/iic_parigi/it/

https://iicpechino.esteri.it/iic_pechino/it/

https://iictokyo.esteri.it/iic_tokyo/it/

https://iicmosca.esteri.it/iic_mosca/it/

Italian Scientific Diplomacy

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cooperscientificatecnologica/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cooperscientificatecnologica/reteaddettiscientificitecnologici/

https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cooperscientificatecnologica/addetti_spaziali/

More on Italy and 'soft power'

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2022/01/sequi-il-peso-del-soft-power-in-una-diplomazia-al-passo-con-i-tempi-il-sole-24-ore/

https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/eventi/fare-cinema-2023/

https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/progetti/fare-cinema-2022/

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2021/06/rassegna-fare-cinema-2021/

https://iictirana.esteri.it/it/gli_eventi/calendario/pristina-sanremo-giovani-world/#:~:text=Quattro%20capitali%20dei%20Balcani%20occidentali,venerd%C3%AC%2029%20settembre%20a%20Sarajevo.

https://italiandesignday-official.it/

https://creativitacontemporanea.cultura.gov.it/italiandesignday-2024/

https://iicseoul.esteri.it/it/gli_eventi/calendario/settimana-della-cucina-italiana_0/

Human Rights and the Protection of Cultural Heritage

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/temi_globali/diritti-umani/litalia_e_i_diritti_umani/

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-culture-un-idUSKCN0VP235

https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/CulturalRights/DestructionHeritage/States/Italy.pdf

https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/it

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-italy/article/abs/protecting-cultural-heritage-during-armed-conflict-the-italian-contribution-to-cultural-peacekeeping/B730B0DE5419CFC463853B52463C64D1

https://ambbaghdad.esteri.it/ambasciata_baghdad/it/ambasciata/news/dall_ambasciata/2018/07/preserving-the-cultural-heritage.html

https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/eu-csdp-missions-and-protection-cultural-heritage

https://www.dw.com/en/italy-appeals-for-un-force-to-protect-heritage-sites-from-islamic-state-siege/a-18331370

https://www.thelocal.it/20170217/two-cultural-treasures-rescued-from-isis-were-restored-in-italy/

Italy and the EU

The pandemic and the Recovery Fund, NextGenerationEU

https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/coronavirus-response/jobs-and-economy-during-coronavirus-pandemic/state-aid-cases/italy_en

https://ecfr.eu/publication/romes-moment-draghi-multilateralism-and-italys-new-strategy/

https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_crisis_communication_italy_the_coronavirus_and_european_solidari/

https://next-generation-eu.europa.eu/index_en

https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/PNRR.pdf

https://www.italiadomani.gov.it/content/sogei-ng/it/en/home.html

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3126

https://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2021/08/13/italy-gets-first-24.9-bn-of-eu-recovery-fund-cash_26931479-4785-4a37-9fd1-9adc851a2b17.html

https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility/italys-recovery-and-resilience-plan_it

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_5663

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4025

https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_crisis_communication_italy_the_coronavirus_and_european_solidari/

Migration

https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean

https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230916-eu-scrambles-to-address-italy-island-migrant-surge

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_4502

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2023/08/tajani-presto-meccanismi-piu-stringenti-per-rimpatriare-chi-non-ha-diritto-corriere-della-sera/

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20170627STO78419/countering-irregular-migration-better-eu-border-management

https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Europe/The-future-of-Europe-passes-through-the-Dublin-system-186969

https://www.linkiesta.it/2023/06/riforma-regolamento-dublino-europa/

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2152

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/09/12/eu-lawmakers-clash-over-tunisia-migration-deal-denounce-lack-of-results

https://www.euronews.com/2023/07/23/italy-calls-for-more-equal-relationship-with-migration-producing-states

https://ecre.org/eu-southern-borders-med-5-urge-returns-and-relocation-eu-eyes-on-migration-cooperation-rather-than-abuse-in-north-africa-few-developments-at-jha-council-italy-under-scrutiny-on-delayed-crotone-res/

https://www.dw.com/en/italy-rushes-to-relocate-thousands-of-new-lampedusa-arrivals/a-66825666

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/09/16/island-of-lampedusa-epicenter-of-the-european-migration-crisis_6136386_4.html

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/09/16/island-of-lampedusa-epicenter-of-the-european-migration-crisis_6136386_4.html

https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/international-affairs/migration-partnership-facility-mpf_en

https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/european-neighbourhood-policy/southern-neighbourhood_en

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/21/eus-southern-states-step-up-calls-for-solidarity-in-managing-mass-migration

EU Security and Defence Cooperation

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/defence-security/

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_dell%27Unione_europea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy

https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/missions-and-operations_en

https://decode39.com/7051/italy-germany-eu-defence/

http://documenti.camera.it/leg19/dossier/pdf/ES027.pdf

https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2021/07/22/ce-in-italy-for-high-level-talks

https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iai2020.pdf

https://decode39.com/5335/meloni-boost-eu-defence-nato/

https://decode39.com/4753/italy-military-support-to-kyiv/

https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/defence-policy-giorgia-melonis-government

https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/EU%20and%20NATO.pdf

The European battlegroups

https://www.eurocorps.org/readiness/european-battle-group/#:~:text=EU%20Battlegroups%20are%20multinational%2C%20military,and%20conflicts%20around%20the%20world.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Battlegroup

negotiating with Putin

https://www.esteri.it/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2022/12/tajani-la-ue-sia-flessibile-la-stampa-2/

EU budgetary rules

https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/italy-says-it-cant-ratify-eu-bailout-fund-treaty-without-deal-on-new-budget-rules/

EU Commission recommendations

https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/COM_2023_612_1_EN.pdf

Italy and the UN

COP28

https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-cop28-summit/24458

Italy was elected to the UN Human Rights Council for the period 2019/2021. It aimed to energize that body.                 

https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/italia-eletta-al-consiglio-per-i-diritti-umani-dell-onu-per-il-periodo-2019-2021.html

Italy on the UN Security Council in 2017

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf

Italy's efforts to ban the death penalty at a global level

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/temi_globali/diritti-umani/litalia_e_i_diritti_umani/

Italy and reform of the UN Security Council

https://decode39.com/5919/italy-plan-un-security-council-reform/

https://italyun.esteri.it/it/litalia-e-le-ooii/ufc/

https://www.esteri.it/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2022/10/giornata-mondiale-ed-europea-contro-la-pena-di-morte-2/

Italy and NATO

including more on its ‘enhanced forward presence'

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX4a6d3qNbU

https://www.joint-forces.com/features/11889-nato-enhanced-forward-presence

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136233.htm

The Italian forces https://www.difesa.it/OperazioniMilitari/op_intern_corso/Lettonia_Operazione_Enhanced_Forward_Presence_Baltic_Guardian/notizie_teatro/Pagine/elenco.aspx

https://www.difesa.it/OperazioniMilitari/op_intern_corso/Baltic_Eagle_Estonia/notizie_teatro/Pagine/Missione_in_Estonia_Italia_impegnata_nella_NATO_Air_Policing_F35.aspx

https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare/Pagine/Bulgaria%20-%20Operazione%20ENHANCED%20VIGILANCE%20ACTIVITY.aspx

https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare/Pagine/Ungheria%20-%20Operazione%20ENHANCED%20VIGILANCE%20ACTIVITY%20copia.aspx

previously

https://www.babilonmagazine.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Mappa_operazioni_militari_16122016.jpg


2017

http://www.today.it/politica/missioni-italia-estero.html 

https://www.corriere.it/esteri/17_luglio_12/missioni-forze-italiane-all-estero-575b663e-6744-11e7-9cb7-9d56a32dcee8.shtml

2018

https://www.lenius.it/missioni-militari-italiane-nel-mondo/

https://it.insideover.com/schede/politica/missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-le-novita-del-2018.html

2019

https://www.panorama.it/news/esteri/missioni-estero-soldati-italia-militari-afghanistan/

http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Operazioni/Operazioni_oltremare

https://thegeopolitics.com/why-nato-failed-in-afghanistan/

The Mediterranean and beyond

https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2023/09/15/meloni-invita-von-der-leyen-a-visitare-lisola-di-lampedusa_667f5fd9-efcd-4be1-9c47-0445d70edb03.html

https://www.affarinternazionali.it/missioni-internazionali-italiane-non-solo-mediterraneo/

https://www.analisidifesa.it/2022/07/missioni-allestero-aumentano-gli-impegni-per-le-forze-armate-italiane/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/21/italys-mediterranean-belt-and-road/

https://documenti.camera.it/Leg18/Dossier/Pdf/DI0317.Pdf

previously

http://documenti.camera.it/leg18/dossier/pdf/DI0149.pdf

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/12/med-maeci-eng.pdf 

https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1161188.pdf?_1560509858868

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Mare_Sicuro

Some further Background Information

The Italian Armed Forces

https://www.forzeitaliane.it/forze-armate

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_italiane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces

Esercito: 94.026
Marina Militare: 30.427
Aeronautica Militare: 41.105
Arma dei Carabinieri: 109.576
Totale: 340.147 unità

L’Arma dei Carabinieri, come anticipato, svolge sia la funzione di forza armata (per cui dipende dalla Difesa), sia di pubblica sicurezza (per cui dipende dal Ministero dell’Interno).

L’Esercito Italiano (8% donne) si occupa principalmente della difesa della sicurezza nazionale nel nostro territorio, ma anche di varie missioni a livello internazionale.. L’obiettivo è di punare ad una maggiore specializzazione.

L’Aeronautica Militare si occupa di assicurare la difesa dello spazio aereo nazionale e condurre operazioni aeree di attacco, ricerca o soccorso; inoltre, concorre a studi, ricerche e sperimentazioni nel campo aerospaziale e meteorologico e svolge attività informativa nei campi pertinenti. La Marina Militare si occupa principalmente di presidiare l’area mediterranea nel controllo dei mari italiani con dispositivi aeronavali e relativo supporto terrestre. Garantisce la sicurezza dei traffici marittimi, studia e tutela la biodiversità marina.

Il Bilancio del Ministero della Difesa e la Funzione Difesa

Per ciò che riguarda il Bilancio del Ministero della Difesa nel suo complesso, la dotazione finanziaria per il 2023 era pari a 27.748,5 milioni di euro; con un aumento di 1.792,4 milioni rispetto ai 25.956,1 del 2022.

And for 2024 - 29.184,2 milioni di euro

https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1435877.pdf?_1726068304913

Background

As part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Italy contributed to the international operation in Afghanistan. Italian forces contributed to ISAF, the NATO force in Afghanistan, and to the Provincial reconstruction team. and deployed a platoon of Carabinieri military police.

The Italian Army did not take part in combat operations of the 2003 Iraq War, dispatching troops only when major combat operations were declared over by the U.S. President George W. Bush. Subsequently Italian troops arrived in the late summer of 2003, and began patrolling Nasiriyah and the surrounding area. Italian participation in the military operations in Iraq was concluded by the end of 2006, with full withdrawal of Italian military personnel except for a small group of about 30 soldiers engaged in providing security for the Italian embassy in Baghdad. Italy played a major role in the 2004-2011 NATO Training Mission to assist in the development of Iraqi security forces training structures and institutions.

Other missions

UNMOGIP, since 1951 (India and Pakistan)

UNTSO, since 1958 (IsraelEgyptSyria and Lebanon)

UNIFIL, since 1978 (Lebanon)

MINURSO, since 1991 (Western Sahara)

UNFICYP, since 2005 (Cyprus)

MINUSMA, since 2013 (Mali)

 European Union

EUFOR Althea, since 2004 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

EUBAM Rafah, since 2005 (Gaza–Egypt border)

EUPOL Afghanistan, since 2007 (Afghanistan)

EUNAVFOR Atalanta, since 2008 (Gulf of Aden)

EUMM Georgia, since 2008 (GeorgiaSouth Ossetia and Abkhazia)

EULEX Kosovo, since 2008 (Kosovo)

EUTM Somalia, since 2010 (Somalia)

EUCAP Nestor, since 2012 (Indian Ocean)

EUCAP Sahel Niger, since 2012 (Niger)

EUBAM Libya, since 2013 (Libya)

EUTM Mali, since 2013 (Mali)

EUFOR RCA, since 2014 (Central African Republic)

 NATO

KFOR, since 1999 (Kosovo)

ISAF, since 2001 (Afghanistan)

Operation Active Endeavour, since 2001 (Mediterranean Sea)

Operation Ocean Shield, since 2009 (Gulf of Aden)

Multilateral missions

TIPH-2, since 1997 (West Bank)

Operation Cyrene, since 2011 (Libya)

MIADIT Somalia, since 2013 (Somalia and Djibouti)

MIADIT Palestine, since 2014 (West Bank)

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missioni_militari_italiane_all%27estero#1946-oggi

https://militarynewsfromitaly.com/category/missioni-italiane-allestero/afghanistan-contingente-italiano/