The Mattei Plan

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/il-piano-mattei-verso-nuove-relazioni-italia-africa-200883

https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/mta-spotlight-34-italys-mattei-plan-mirage-or-reality

Ukraine

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/26/no-security-guarantees-yet-in-us-ukraine-minerals-deal-zelenksyy-says

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/usa-vs-ue-scontro-allonu-201584

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/tre-anni-di-guerra-in-ucraina-5-domande-e-7-grafici-per-fare-chiarezza-201377

The German elections

 https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/germania-the-day-after-201450

The future of the space economy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUCZt5OcszY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raeKQpAFrI4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_use_of_space

https://imi.intesasanpaolo.com/en/insights/economind/future-space-economy-opportunity-sustainability/

https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4635/1

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/science-technology/un-recommends-new-treaty-to-ensure-peace-security-in-outer-space-89777

https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/world-economic-forum/knowledge-collaborations/space-economy-of-the-future 

https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/call-for-a-new-treaty-for-outer-space#:~:text=New%20Treaty%20for%20Peace%20and,and%20promote%20responsible%20space%20activities.

https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/assets/rechtsgeleerdheid/instituut-voor-publiekrecht/lucht--en-ruimterecht/space-resources/revised-building-blocks-following-the-meeting-of-april-2019.pdf

https://indonesia.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/our-common-agenda-policy-brief-outer-space-en.pdf

Existing treaties for the regulation of various space activities

https://www.un.org/en/peace-and-security/international-space-law-explained#:~:text=Credit%3A%20UNOOSA-,International%20Space%20Treaties,the%20benefit%20of%20all%20countries.

https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties.html

https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introouterspacetreaty.html

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/science-technology/un-recommends-new-treaty-to-ensure-peace-security-in-outer-space-89777

https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7150295729620631552/

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/17213823.pdf

https://www.unoosa.org/pdf/publications/ST_SPACE_061Rev01E.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescue_Agreement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Liability_Convention

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registration_Convention

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Treaty

The space economy

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/new-space-economy-tra-luna-e-asteroidi-privati-orbita-31298

https://www.econopoly.ilsole24ore.com/2023/01/10/space-economy-miliardi/

https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Sistema-paese-Italia-di-fronte-alle-sfide-dello-spazio-Paper-IAI.pdf

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2022/01/quanta-italia-ce-nello-spazio-airpress/

https://www.ilbollettino.eu/2023/10/01/ecco-come-cambiano-le-rotte-della-space-economy/

https://www.key4biz.it/lunar-economy-partita-la-caccia-a-metalli-preziosi-e-terre-rare-sulla-luna-dentro-anche-i-privati/455817/

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/lalba-della-lunar-economy-36726

https://www.tomorrow.bio/it/post/la-nuova-corsa-all'oro-nel-boom-minerario-degli-asteroidi-2023-06-4570136513-space

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/agenzie-a-caccia-di-fondi-109067

https://www.wired.it/article/european-space-conference-2023-analisi-obiettivi/

https://sdgs.un.org/un-system-sdg-implementation/united-nations-office-outer-space-affairs-unoosa-24523

https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/space4sdgs/sdgsindex.html

https://sdg.iisd.org/commentary/policy-briefs/harnessing-potential-of-outer-space-for-achieving-the-sdgs/

https://www.wallstreetitalia.com/la-corsa-alle-risorse-minerarie-nello-spazio-fra-geopolitica-e-dubbi-legali/

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/new-space-economy-tra-luna-e-asteroidi-privati-orbita-31298

https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2021/09/sioi_la_conquista_dellottavo_continente_lo_spazio.pdf

https://www.mimit.gov.it/it/impresa/competitivita-e-nuove-imprese/space-economy

https://www.mimit.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/all_6_Piano_Strategico_Space_Economy_master_13052016_regioni_final.pdf

 

 

Ukraine

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/ucraina-attori-e-spettatori-200535

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pO7y5IFUL14.

European Defence

https://www.osorin.it/uploads/model_4/.files/186_item_2.pdf?v=1739786740

The top 10 crises the world

https://www.rescue.org/eu/article/top-10-crises-world-cant-ignore-2025

Canada and the EU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJKe_m9CL-0 

The Trump administration and NATO

The US defence secretary has warned that European security is no longer a priority for the US.

from: https://uk.yahoo.com/news/nato-countries-war-russia-map-174355434.html

If this is confirmed as the Trump administration’s position it puts in doubt the traditional US commitment to Europe through NATO. 

https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/02/telefonata-trump-putin-intesa-kiev-ceda-territori-niente-nato-incontro-arabia-saudita-431691ea-447e-4327-912a-5be8d3832d3b.html

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/12/europe/analysis-hegseth-nato-trump-ukraine-russia-war-intl-latam/index.html

NEW: https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/leuropa-monaco-e-la-tempesta-perfetta-200763

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/ucraina-attori-e-spettatori-200535

The Munich Security Conference

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/leuropa-monaco-e-la-tempesta-perfetta-200763

https://securityconference.org/en/ 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Security_Conference

The prospects for a post-Brexit UK-EU reset - an update

Check the parts in bold and the rest if you have time.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdrynjz1glpo a good summary of the effects of Brexit

Timeline

https://www.niassembly.gov.uk/assembly-business/brexit-and-beyond/timeline-and-key-documents/

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/feb/03/observer-view-list-of-brexit-wins-is-in-short-and-feeble

The current moves towards a UK-EU reset and the realistic prospects

https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/01/brexit-bridges-and-barriers-where-next-for-eu-uk-relations?lang=en

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2dxzyg9y3eo

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/dec/10/brexit-labour-voters-eu-trade-regulations-keir-starmer

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/eu-makes-three-major-demands-115519338.html

https://www.bruegel.org/policy-brief/trade-policy-framework-european-union-united-kingdom-reset

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/08/26/the-eu-uk-reset-what-are-the-prospects-for-closer-cooperation

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/20/eu-youth-mobility-proposal-uk

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg3pxz4334o

https://www.politico.eu/article/keir-starmer-brexit-uk-politics-borders-product-saftey-bill-brussels-eu-policy-supply-chains-backlash/

https://www.cer.eu/publications/archive/essay/2024/where-might-uk-eu-relations-be-under-labour-government

https://yougov.co.uk/politics/articles/50317-labour-does-not-have-a-mandate-to-take-britain-back-into-the-eu-says-public

https://ukandeu.ac.uk/much-of-the-substance-of-labours-uk-eu-reset-will-tricky-to-secure/

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/uk-pm-starmer-heads-brussels-first-conversation-eu-reset-2024-10-01/

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/2/britains-starmer-in-brussels-for-talks-on-eu-reset

recent events

https://www.eunews.it/2023/09/07/regno-unito-brexit-ue-copernicus-horizon/

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/dove-sta-andando-la-brexit-159720

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/it/policies/eu-relations-with-the-united-kingdom/post-brexit-agreements/

https://www.esteri.it/en/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/politica_europea/dossier/brexit/

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-relations-with-the-united-kingdom/post-brexit-agreements/

the UK economy

https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/14/brexit-has-sliced-5percent-off-uk-economic-growth-goldman-sachs-says.html

https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/01/12/brexit-here-is-how-much-it-has-cost-for-british-people

https://www.newslettereuropean.eu/the-impact-of-brexit-on-migrants-and-workers-in-the-eu/

and trade

https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/economy/brexit-stifling-britain-trade-europe/index.html

https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/government-brexit-border-risks

https://www.eunews.it/en/2024/02/22/uk-eu-border-chaos-risk-lack-of-control-facilities-at-ports-and-stations/

polling

https://www.statista.com/statistics/987347/brexit-opinion-poll/

Northern Ireland

https://www.eunews.it/2024/02/05/referendum-irlanda-del-nord-regno-unito/

https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9736/

https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9548/

migration

https://www.eunews.it/2024/02/23/frontex-regno-unito-accordo-migrazione/

https://www.eunews.it/2024/02/23/frontex-regno-unito-accordo-migrazione/

https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingjune2023

and generally

https://www.eunews.it/2023/09/18/brexit-leader-laburista-starmer-ue/

https://www.eunews.it/2023/09/07/regno-unito-brexit-ue-copernicus-horizon/

https://www.eunews.it/2023/07/04/ue-regno-unito-assemblea-parlamenti/

https://www.eunews.it/2023/02/27/ue-regno-unito-brexit-irlanda-del-nord/

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/12/29/brexit-draft-deal-first-of-many-hurdles-to-a-smooth-exit

https://www.eunews.it/2022/12/22/brexit-regno-unito-scioperi-economia/

https://www.eunews.it/2022/11/15/regno-unito-mobilita-militare-pesco/

https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/01/12/brexit-here-is-how-much-it-has-cost-for-british-people

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/12/29/brexit-draft-deal-first-of-many-hurdles-to-a-smooth-exit

https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingjune2023#:~:text=1.-,Main%20points,)%20and%20British%20(84%2C000).

https://www.newslettereuropean.eu/the-impact-of-brexit-on-migrants-and-workers-in-the-eu/

https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9548/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LY2JaT28iIYhttps://www.eunews.it/2022/11/15/regno-unito-mobilita-militare-pesco/

https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/01/12/brexit-here-is-how-much-it-has-cost-for-british-people

https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/14/brexit-has-sliced-5percent-off-uk-economic-growth-goldman-sachs-says.html

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/12/29/brexit-draft-deal-first-of-many-hurdles-to-a-smooth-exit

https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingjune2023#:~:text=1.-,Main%20points,)%20and%20British%20(84%2C000).

https://www.newslettereuropean.eu/the-impact-of-brexit-on-migrants-and-workers-in-the-eu/

https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9548/

https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/britain-retain-substantial-number-eu-laws-until-least-2026-2024-01-22/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKdqDcgVVI4

the effect on the EU

https://www.ilpost.it/2019/01/31/brexit-ue-forte/

https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/relations-united-kingdom/new-normal/consequences-brexit_en

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit_on_the_European_Union#:~:text=The%20Brexit%2Ftrade%20agreement%20led,subject%20to%20additional%20import%20duties.

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/12/29/brexit-draft-deal-first-of-many-hurdles-to-a-smooth-exit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit_on_the_European_Union#:~:text=Brexit%20resulted%20in%20the%20EU,increase%20over%20the%20same%20period.

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2024/02/01/european-elections-four-years-later-brexit-stands-as-a-warning-to-europe_6484896_23.html

https://it.euronews.com/2016/07/05/stoltenberg-cooperazione-nato-ue-ancora-piu-forte-dopo-brexit

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit in Paris

https://opentools.ai/news/paris-ai-summit-reveals-growing-divide-between-us-and-eu-on-ai-regulations

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/feb/10/ai-artificial-intelligence-widen-global-inequality-climate-crisis-lead-paris-summit

https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/paris-ai-summit-draws-world-leaders-ceos-eager-technology-wave-2025-02-10/

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/winners-and-losers-at-the-ai-action-summit-who-does-the-uk-stand-with/

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vance-warns-eu-ai-overregulation-paris/

https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/china-is-willing-share-achievements-ai-vice-premier-says-paris-summit-2025-02-11/

https://www.france24.com/en/france/20250210-live-macron-speaks-on-the-future-of-ai-at-global-summit-in-paris

https://www.politico.eu/article/9-ai-power-player-paris-ai-action-summit-arthur-mensch-sandro-gianella-geoffrey-hinton/

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8edn0n58gwo

 

Global Economic Prospects January 2025 - The World Bank

Take notes on the language and check the words for synonyms:

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/4bb8e2f7-4985-4c08-85ff-9b98aa08f4b4/content

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2dd83cfd-b0b8-4c73-b338-d436cb8c2d34/content

Syria

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/siria-in-bilico-8-grafici-sullo-scenario-a-due-mesi-dalla-caduta-di-assad-199484

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/feb/08/syrias-revolution-hangs-in-the-balance-the-west-must-lift-sanctions-now

https://www.euronews.com/2025/01/09/joy-and-fear-syrian-refugees-ponder-what-2025-holds-for-their-homeland

https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/hope-and-fear-in-syria/

Italy and the Responsibility to Protect doctrine

https://italyun.esteri.it/en/news/dalla_rappresentanza/2023/06/statement-by-italy-at-the-general-assembly-debate-on-item-134-the-responsibility-to-protect-and-the-prevention-of-genocide-war-crimes-ethnic-cleansing-and-crimes-against-humanity/ 

‘Italy reiterates its support for the R2P principles. The commitment to the Responsibility to Protect is first and foremost a commitment to prevent and mitigate the risk of the most heinous crimes. Atrocities can and must be prevented, and all possible efforts should be devoted to identify and address their root causes.’ June 28 2023

https://italyun.esteri.it/en/italy-and-the-united-nations/general-assembly/

‘In the current year, Italy and Qatar chaired the Group of Friends of Responsibility to Protect (R2P).' 2024

The current situation

 https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/the-time-of-reckoning-198660

Writing a memorandum (memo)

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/how-to-write-memo/

How to Write a Memo in 8 Steps, With Examples | Grammarly

but in class we will talk about the specifics of writing a memo for a superior in the diplomatic corps.

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/memo-format

https://www.forbes.com/sites/averyblank/2021/10/26/5-tips-for-writing-a-solid-one-page-memo-to-an-executive/?sh=1f462fb51078

https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/eda/it/documents/publications/GlossarezurAussenpolitik/ABC-Diplomatie_it.pdf

https://definizione.info/5168/memorandum

https://modeldiplomacy.cfr.org/sample_position_memo

https://www.brookings.edu/research/memo-to-the-president-renew-diplomacy-in-the-middle-east/

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2020/06/memorandum-sui-migranti-apertura-di-tripoli-all-italia-il-messaggero/

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2020/05/memorandum-di-cooperazione-in-campo-sanitario-italia-giappone-firmato-oggi-tra-i-due-ministeri-della-salute/

https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/eventi/2020/05/covid19-firmato-memorandum-di-cooperazione-col-giappone/

https://it.encyclopedia-titanica.com/significado-de-memor-ndum

https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/hks-communications-program/files/pp_sri_kulkarni_and_yotam_goren_4_10_17.pdf

https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/36824/11-479Spring-2004/NR/rdonlyres/Urban-Studies-and-Planning/11-479Spring-2004/9CE4ACA2-EC3D-4C1D-91CC-27971E27DCF5/0/pmwriting.pdf

an open memorandum

https://www.mfe.it/port/index.php/4547-memorandum-in-vista-del-consiglio-europeo-del-23-aprile

https://presidence-francaise.consilium.europa.eu/en/programme/priorities/

A business memo

https://www.forbes.com/sites/averyblank/2021/10/26/5-tips-for-writing-a-solid-one-page-memo-to-an-executive/?sh=1f462fb51078

https://www.wikihow.it/Scrivere-un-Memo

don’t confuse this with:

un memorandum d'intesa /a memorandum of understanding

which is a legal agreement, for example

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum_d%27intesa

https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Libia.pdf

just interesting

https://baldi.diplomacy.edu/italy/Baldi-Gelbstein_management_diplomatici_2ed.pdf