The Red Sea and maritime security

https://atlasinstitute.org/the-red-sea-shipping-crisis-2024-2025-houthi-attacks-and-global-trade-disruption/ very clear

'Total vessel transits in the Red Sea fell 56% year-on-year as of September, according to data from the ship tracking and maritime analytics provider MarineTraffic.

Container traffic took the biggest hit with a decline of 73% over the same period, while the vessel traffic for liquefied natural gas (LNG) fell 87%, dry breakbulk 54%, and mixed dry cargo 37%.

Meanwhile, vessel traffic of liquefied petrol gas (LPG) dropped 74%, roll-on/roll-off vessels 78%, and wet bulk cargo 41%.'

from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/red-sea-trade-sees-historic-decline-amid-rising-tensions-in-middle-east/3354345

see also https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/general/red-sea-trade-sees-historic-decline-amid-rising-tensions-in-middle-east/43812# 

https://www.mimit.gov.it/it/notizie-stampa/mar-rosso-primo-tavolo-mimit-maeci-sulle-conseguenze-della-crisi-per-leconomia-italiana

https://www.eunews.it/2024/02/19/mar-rosso-tajani-missione-aspides/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis

https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ECFR_Mar-Rosso_def.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Aspides

https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eunavfor-aspides_en

https://www.marina.difesa.it/cosa-facciamo/per-la-difesa-sicurezza/operazioni-in-corso/Pagine/operazione_aspides.aspx

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/calm-waters-why-ensuring-the-security-of-the-red-sea-matters-to-global-stability-and-prosperity-219182

https://www.affarinternazionali.it/un-ruolo-guida-per-litalia-nel-mar-rosso/

https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/usa-iran-aspides-missione-piu-esposta-nell-area-hormuz-anche-navi-marina-AH4NKVNB

https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/calm-waters-why-ensuring-the-security-of-the-red-sea-matters-to-global-stability-and-prosperity-219182

https://www.affarinternazionali.it/un-ruolo-guida-per-litalia-nel-mar-rosso/

https://www.ice.it/it/sites/default/files/inline-files/Impatto%20della%20crisi%20del%20Mar%20Rosso%20sul%20commercio%20estero.pdf

https://www.iai.it/it/pubblicazioni/c03/deterrence-and-diplomacy-red-sea-recommendations-italy

https://www.iai.it/it/eventi/rotte-distensione-sicurezza-marittima-e-scenari-cooperazione-attraverso-il-mar-rosso

https://www.infrajournal.com/en/w/eyes-on-the-red-sea-a-strategic-passageway-for-the-world

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vRtXY-iFnc

https://www.marina.difesa.it/cosa-facciamo/per-la-difesa-sicurezza/operazioni-in-corso/Pagine/operazione_aspides.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian

https://www.ammiragliogiuseppedegiorgi.it/mc/481/il-mediterraneo-allargato

https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaicom2412.pdf

https://mondointernazionale.org/en/post/la-crisi-del-mar-rosso-i-costi-economici-per-litalia-e-la-missione-aspides

https://www.portnews.it/en/red-sea-crisis-costing-italy-95m-a-day/

https://www.bancagenerali.com/en/blog/crisi-mar-rosso

https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eunavfor-aspides_en

https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/italy-urges-chinese-cooperation-on-red-sea-security-amid-houthi-threat/3331608

https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/Red-Sea-the-government-is-working-to-safeguard-Italy%27s-centrality-in-global-logistics-routes/

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/04/08/operation-aspides-11-houthi-attacks-repelled-and-dozens-of-escorts

https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/red-sea-attacks-houthis-biden-administration-leadership/

https://www.eunews.it/en/2024/02/19/red-sea-tajani-celebrates-launch-of-aspides-mission-an-italian-success/

https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eunavfor-aspides_en

https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/operation-aspides-an-essential-step-to-restore-freedom-of-navigation-in-the-red-sea-176906

https://cepa.org/article/is-western-sea-power-adrift/

https://www.twz.com/news-features/german-navy-confirms-its-underarmed-super-sized-frigate-will-avoid-the-red-sea

https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2024/11/arabian-peninsula-continued-attacks-in-red-sea-and-gulf-of-aden-likely-through-late-november-update-15

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pPt_8tn8aw