European autonomy and independent capabilities in deterrence, defence and security

https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-capitals-deleting-us-technology-not-realistic/

https://bst-europe.eu/security-policy/untangling-the-transatlantic-incentive-trap-europes-plan-and-americas-contribution/#:~:text=Capabilities%20and%20operational%20dependence,%2DDomain%20Operations%20(MDO).

https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/nato-warns-europe-cannot-deter-russia-without-1771133246.html#:~:text=Without%20American%20deterrence%20capabilities%2C%20containing,extremely%20difficult%2C%20according%20to%20Politico.&text=European%20countries%20can%20produce%20modern,costs%20at%20roughly%20$1%20trillion.

https://www.bruegel.org/policy-brief/europes-dependence-us-foreign-military-sales-and-what-do-about-it#:~:text=The%20dependence%20is%20particularly%20significant,modernisation%20required%20in%20future%20years.

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2025/777967/EPRS_BRI(2025)777967_EN.pdf#:~:text=In%20its%20European%20defence%20industrial%20strategy%2C%20the,with%2063%20%25%20coming%20from%20the%20US.

https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/13/four-charts-europes-reliance-us-digital-infrastructure.html

https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20260124-europe-s-digital-reliance-on-us-big-tech-does-the-eu-have-a-plan

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/06/20/europe-remains-highly-vulnerable-and-dependent-on-us-defence-production-report

but in the longer term

https://www.meig.ch/highlight-1-2026-european-strategic-autonomy-and-dependence-on-nato-taking-the-middle-road/#:~:text=Investing%20in%20European%20defence%20industries,an%20investment%20in%20strategic%20freedom.

https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/autonomous-europe_en#:~:text=Our%20investment%20in%20space%20and,position%20as%20a%20space%20power.

https://theloop.ecpr.eu/can-the-eu-form-an-autonomous-military-alliance/

https://www.dcu.ie/blog/2151/european-defence-autonomy-leadership-gap

however

https://www.iiss.org/research-paper/2026/03/advancing-european-military-capacity-in-space/#:~:text=Both%20figures%20exclude%20most%20ground,announced%20programmatic%20timelines%20of%202030.

https://www.arcanopartners.com/en/arcano-insights/insights/eus-goal-achieving-military-autonomy-2030-realistic#:~:text=There%20is%20no%20doubt%20that,States%20and%20their%20industrial%20actors.