https://reliefweb.int/report/world/editor-s-pick-10-violent-water-conflicts
lunedì 30 settembre 2019
domenica 29 settembre 2019
venerdì 27 settembre 2019
A possible essay plan on Italy's role within the international community
Don't let your essay become a list of disconnected points! You need a line of argument that shapes and structures your essay. You could start that part with This essay will argue that ...
Introduction
A
recent event or statement illustrating Italy's approach to foreign
affairs. A theoretical basis for Italian foreign policy based on the
Italian Constitution, article 11.
The
idea of three phases of Italian foreign policy since WWII,
rehabilitation and reintegration into world community, a loyal member
of the Western Alliance during the Cold War but always open to
dialogue and an active member and supporter of a more independent EU
since the end of the Cold War. The idea of Italy's
three
circles, or spheres of international relations, the Atlantic,
European and Mediterranean spheres or spaces.
Line
of argument: This essay will argue that Italy is committed to an active role at all levels within the
international community in order to avoid war, resolve conflicts by
negotiation, enhance national and global prosperity help manage the
global economy and deal with challenges like global warming that can
only be met through cooperation and the use of 'soft power'. The rest of this essay will outline
some of Italy's activities and commitments aimed at achieving these
goals.
Mediterranean
Italy
as a bridgehead for Europe to the Arab world and beyond that to
Africa. Italy and Libya, the migrant crisis. Italy's interests in
Egypt and North Africa, support for Middle East dialogue and dialogue
with Arab world.
Europe
The
EU, Italy's position on the economic crisis and cooperation,
participation in the Euro (calls for a loosening of the austerity
rules), Schengen and calls for solidarity in dealing with the migrant
crisis. Participation in EU foreign operations and support
for the European Defence Action Plan. The prominent roles of Federica
Mogherini, outgoing High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs
and Security Policy in
EU,
Mario Draghi, outgoing President of the European Central Bank and now
for David Sassoli,
incoming
President of the European Parliament and Paolo
Gentiloni, incoming European Commissioner for Economic and Financial
Affairs.
NATO
Membership
of and participation in NATO operations. Bases in Italy and Italian
commanders in NATO. Italy's relationship with the US.
Italy
at the world level
The
UN/ push for UN reform/push for moratorium
on the death penalty/ role in 2017 on UN Security Council
Types
of diplomacy and examples
the
alternatives to hard power (NATO/EU/bilateral) is soft power/cultural
diplomacy/use of cultural heritage in cultural diplomacy/economic
diplomacy
Conclusion
– refer to another important current Italian initiative or
statement not yet mentioned and explain why you think it is typical
of Italian foreign policy (e.g.
http://www.agenziastampaitalia.it/politica/politica-estera/47278-il-ministro-di-maio-all-assemblea-generale-delle-nazioni-unite
?). You could raise
the question of whether, given the rise of the Lega, future Italian
governments will continue or break with Italy's traditional
multilateral, pro-European approach?!?
Give
real examples – specific policies, missions, events etc... taken,
for example, from the site of the Ministero
degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale
(https://www.esteri.it/mae/it/)
throughout the essay.
martedì 24 settembre 2019
lunedì 23 settembre 2019
General Report on the Activities of the European Union — 2011
Foreward
by
José
Manuel Barroso
2011
was a year in which Europe’s resolve to respond to crises has been
_______ to the test once again. The European Union has been _______
with a series of challenges that have needed immediate and sustained
_______ — from addressing the _______ economic and financial
crisis, to responding to the _______ in north Africa and the Middle
East, to _______ global negotiations on climate change, international
trade and development.
The
European Union has taken important _______ towards deeper
integration. We are more interdependent than ever before. This brings
us great _______, but also great responsibilities. The crisis has
_______ that we must do _______ more to assume these fully. This is
now even better _______ by all of us in the EU. In 2011, the overall
orientation of our discussions and decisions has been about stronger
_______ than weaker ties — a more united and a more deeply _______
European Union.
The
year was dominated by the financial and economic crisis. This crisis
has _______ beyond the financial and economic sectors. It has _______
decisive questions over the political _______ of, and the confidence
in, the euro area. Confidence can be lost in a day. It _______ much
longer to regain it. That is why a truly comprehensive _______ is
required.
Over
the last year, we have continued the _______ reform of the economic
policies of the Union. Bold mechanisms for economic _______,
budgetary _______ and sanctions have been put in place, and more are
being prepared. We have continued to work on strengthening the
firewalls and firepower to help any country in the euro area that
_______ difficulties. And for the longer _______, we are exploring
the possibilities of the _______ issuance of bonds in the euro area
as a natural consequence of greater convergence and as a key _______
in maintaining confidence in our _______ union.
This
approach has been matched by the Commission’s work in _______ of
creating
structural
conditions for future _______. Spending our way out of the crisis
would be spending our way into new indebtedness, and that is a road
we cannot take. However, the Commission has presented proposals for
_______ reforms, combined with targeted investments, to make our
economies more competitive and _______ growth on a strong and _______
basis. To underpin this approach, we have strengthened the liquidity
and _______ capacity of our banks in the short _______, while
introducing the world’s strongest regulation and _______ of our
financial sector so as to _______ similar problems in the future. We
have also _______ three euro area Member States in difficulties with
adjustment programmes, and have _______ particular measures to help
Greece meet its _______. A special task force has been created to
provide technical and administrative assistance to the country and
_______ sure that structural funds are used to the full to _______
competitiveness, boost growth and _______ unemployment.
The
Commission has also looked _______ the current crisis and put forward
a proposal for an ambitious and responsible budget for the period
2014–20, a _______ that will bring real benefits to Europe’s
citizens and _______.
The
year 2011 will be remembered in the history books as the year when
people _______ to the streets in north Africa and the Middle East to
_______ democracy and change. The European Union _______ immediately
— first with a new strategy for the southern Mediterranean and then
with a major _______ of the manner in which the European
neighbourhood policy is implemented. The European Union has acted to
help all those that have _______ for freedom, democracy and _______.
The
European Union also responded immediately to those in need _______
the world, with swift assistance following the earthquake, _______
and nuclear disaster in Japan, and a major humanitarian _______ in
the drought-stricken _____ of Africa.
Over
the last year, the European Union has worked tirelessly to _______
the fight against climate change high on the political agenda. The
Durban package agreed in December gives room for optimism on
delivering a clear roadmap towards a _______ decision. The European
Union has also continued to _______ for the conclusion of a world
trade deal, while in _______ negotiating bilateral trade agreements.
In
2011, the European Union has shown that the current crisis does not
_______ our
commitment
towards those who aspire to _______ our Union. After successfully
completing the negotiation _______, Croatia is now set to become our
28th Member State, _______ demonstrating that a strong and credible
enlargement policy is in Europe’s fundamental interest.
The
2011 General Report gives a detailed _______ of the activities of the
European
Union
over the last twelve months. It has been quite a _______ — bumpy,
but moving forward — for a cause that today’s European leaders
have the privilege to protect and _______. I hope the General Report
_______ the point of reference for the steps we have taken to return
Europe to the _______ of prosperity and solidarity.
Relazione generale sull’attività dell’Unione europea — 2011
Prefazione
di José
Manuel Barroso
Il
2011 è stato un anno in cui la volontà degli europei di affrontare
le crisi è stata messa nuovamente a durissima prova. L’Unione
europea ha dovuto affrontare una serie di sfide che richiedevano
risposte immediate e sostenute, dall’attuale crisi economica e
finanziaria alle rivolte in Nordafrica e nel Medio Oriente, alle
negoziazioni mondiali sul cambiamento climatico, sul commercio e
sullo sviluppo internazionali.
L’Unione
europea ha fatto notevoli passi avanti verso una più profonda
integrazione.
Siamo
dipendenti l’uno dall’altro come mai prima. Questo ci porta
notevoli vantaggi ma anche grandi responsabilità. La crisi ci ha
dimostrato che dobbiamo fare di più per assumere pienamente tali
responsabilità. Adesso tutti noi nell’Unione l’abbiamo capito
ancora meglio. Nel 2011 le nostre discussioni e decisioni sono state
generalmente orientate verso legami più forti anziché più deboli,
verso un’Unione europea più unita e più integrata.
L’anno
è stato dominato dalla crisi economica e finanziaria. La crisi si è
diffusa ben al di là del settore finanziario ed economico e ha
sollevato problemi decisivi in merito alla determinazione politica e
alla fiducia nella zona euro. La fiducia si può perdere in un giorno
ma per riconquistarla serve molto più tempo. Ecco perché è
necessaria una reazione veramente completa.
Lo
scorso anno abbiamo proseguito la riforma fondamentale delle
politiche economiche dell’Unione. Sono stati istituiti meccanismi
audaci di convergenza economica, controllo di bilancio e sanzioni e
se ne stanno preparando altri. Abbiamo
continuato
a operare per rafforzare ulteriormente le barriere e la potenza dei
mezzi a disposizione per aiutare qualsiasi paese della zona euro che
dovesse trovarsi in difficoltà. Per quanto riguarda il lungo
termine, stiamo esaminando la possibilità di emettere obbligazioni
comuni nella zona euro come conseguenza naturale di maggiore
convergenza e come fattore chiave per il mantenimento della fiducia
nella nostra unione monetaria.
Questa
strategia è stata rispecchiata dall’attività della Commissione
volta a creare le condizioni strutturali per la crescita futura.
Usando la spesa per uscire dalla crisi ci si indebiterebbe
nuovamente, ed è una via che non possiamo percorrere. La Commissione
ha infatti presentato proposte di riforme strutturali, unitamente a
investimenti mirati, al fine di rendere le nostre economie più
competitive e di promuovere la crescita su una base solida e
sostenibile. Per sostenere questa strategia abbiamo potenziato la
liquidità e la capacità di prestito a breve termine delle nostre
banche, introducendo la normativa più rigorosa al mondo e il
controllo del nostro settore finanziario per evitare problemi simili
in futuro. Abbiamo assistito tre Stati membri della zona euro in
difficoltà mediante programmi di adeguamento e abbiamo adottato
misure specifiche per aiutare la Grecia a rispettare i suoi impegni.
È stata creata una task force speciale per fornire assistenza
tecnica e amministrativa al paese e per garantire che si faccia
pienamente ricorso ai fondi strutturali per migliorare la
competitività, promuovere la crescita e affrontare la
disoccupazione.
La
Commissione ha anche guardato al di là dell’attuale crisi e ha
presentato una proposta di bilancio per il periodo 2014-2020
ambiziosa e responsabile, un bilancio
che
porterà concreti benefici ai cittadini e alle imprese dell’Europa.
Il
2011 sarà ricordato nei libri di storia come l’anno in cui i
cittadini sono scesi in piazza nel Nordafrica e nel Medio Oriente per
chiedere democrazia e cambiamento.
L’Unione
europea ha reagito immediatamente, prima con una nuova strategia per
il Mediterraneo meridionale e poi con una completa revisione delle
modalità di attuazione della politica europea di vicinato. L’Unione
europea è intervenuta per aiutare chiunque abbia combattuto per la
libertà, la democrazia e la prosperità.
L’Unione
europea ha anche reagito immediatamente per fornire aiuto nel mondo
a
chiunque avesse difficoltà, con una veloce assistenza in seguito a
terremoto, tsunami e disastro nucleare in Giappone e con il grande
impegno umanitario nel
Corno
d’Africa colpito dalla siccità.
Nell’ultimo
anno l’Unione europea ha lavorato senza sosta per mantenere ai
primi
posti
del programma politico la lotta al cambiamento climatico. Il
pacchetto di Durban concordato in dicembre lascia spazio
all’ottimismo sul raggiungimento di
una
tabella di marcia chiara verso una decisione vincolante. L’Unione
europea ha
anche
continuato a intervenire affinché si giunga alla conclusione di un
accordo sul commercio mondiale, continuando a negoziare anche accordi
commerciali bilaterali.
Nel
2011 l’Unione europea ha dimostrato che la crisi attuale non
modifica i nostri
impegni
nei confronti di chi desidera aderire alla nostra Unione. Dopo aver
ultimato
positivamente
il processo di negoziazione, la Croazia sta diventando il nostro
ventottesimo
Stato membro, dimostrando che una politica di allargamento decisa e
credibile è nell’interesse fondamentale dell’Europa.
La
Relazione generale 2011 fornisce una panoramica dettagliata delle
attività dell’Unione europea negli ultimi dodici mesi. Il cammino
percorso è stato lungo e
faticoso,
ma ci siamo avvicinati all’obiettivo, un obiettivo condiviso e
ribadito dagli odierni leader europei. Spero che la Relazione
generale illustri il punto di riferimento delle iniziative che
abbiamo intrapreso per riportare l’Europa sul cammino della
prosperità e della solidarietà.
martedì 17 settembre 2019
Italy’s role as an active member of the international community.
Italy’s
international stance.
Articolo 11 della Costituzione Italiana
L'Italia
ripudia la guerra come strumento di offesa alla libertà degli altri
popoli e come mezzo di risoluzione delle controversie internazionali;
consente, in condizioni di parità con gli altri Stati, alle
limitazioni di sovranità necessarie ad un ordinamento che assicuri
la pace e la giustizia fra le Nazioni; promuove e favorisce le
organizzazioni internazionali rivolte a tale scopo.
Italy
rejects war as an instrument of aggression against the freedom of
other peoples and as a means for the settlement of international
disputes. Italy agrees, on conditions of equality with other States,
to the limitations of sovereignty that may be necessary to a world
order ensuring peace and justice among the Nations. Italy promotes
and encourages international organisations having such ends.
Some
general background
division
of Italian diplomatic history into 3 phases?
Italy
is considered to be both a major regional
power and
a middle
power with
membership in prominent institutions or groups such as the UN,
the EU, NATO,
the OECD,
the OSCE,
the DAC,
the WTO,
the G4 in
the European Union, G6, G7, G8, G10, G20,
the Union
for the Mediterranean,
the Latin
Union,
the Council
of Europe,
the Central
European Initiative,
the ASEM (Asia-Europe
Meeting)
and
the Uniting
for Consensus
group
(nicknamed the Coffee Club) at the
UN. Italy currently (2019) maintains the world's tenth-largest
nominal defense budget
11th
strongest for firepower
and
is a participant in the NATO
nuclear sharing policy.
During 2017,
Italy was a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security
Council by virtue of its election on 28 June 2016 and in compliance
with the Hague Convention providing for the division of the 2017-2018
two-year mandate with Holland.
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2017/01/l-italia-in-consiglio-di-sicurezza.html
Italy
was a founding member of the European
Community,
now the European
Union (EU),
and of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member
and strong supporter of a wide number of international organizations,
such as the Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
the General
Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade/World
Trade Organization (GATT/WTO),
the Organization
for Security and Co-operation
in Europe (OSCE),
the Council
of Europe,
and the Central
European Initiative.
Its recent or upcoming turns in the rotating presidency of
international organizations include the Organization
for Security and Co-operation in Europe in
2018, the G7 in
2017 and the from July to December 2014. Italy is also a
recurrent non-permanent
member of
the EU
Council,
as mentioned above, most recently in 2017. On
1 January 2019, Italy took over the rotating Presidency of the
Central European Initiative (CEI).
The
3 circles (see the sections on different areas towards the end of
this post) approach to Italian foreign policy and some general
considerations and criticism:
https://irsocietyjcu.wordpress.com/2016/02/14/italys-foreign-policy-by-giuseppe-spatafora/comment-page-1/
Italy
strongly supports multilateral international politics, endorsing the
United Nations and its international
security
activities.
Main
activities, operations and military commitments
http://www.limesonline.com/crisi-libia-haftar-serraj-italia-guerra-missione-militare/112041?prv=true
good 2019 map
See
the 2017 map of current operations on pages 6-7 here:
See
also the operations of the Italian Armed Forces highlighted in 2015
on a map of
the Afro-Eurasia area:
and
The
number of Italian uniformed personnel in UN-led peacekeeping
operations surged in 2006 with the expansion of UNIFIL in Lebanon.
The current Head of Mission and Force Commander, General
Stefano
Del Col (appointed in August 2018), is the fourth Italian General to
hold this office since 2007. As of 31 August 2019, UNIFIL's force
consists of a total 10,245. From
a peak of almost 3,000 troops in February 2008, Italian uniformed UN
peacekeepers were reduced to 1,108 in December 2011, and their number
has remained substantially stable as of August 2019 (1068).
Apart
from UNIFIL, in Italy participated with military observers and staff
officers in three other UN-led missions, MINUSMA in Mali, UNMIK in
Kosovo and UNFICYP in Cyprus and the Italian Army is currently
engaged in the missions listed here:
as
well as being part of NATO's Advanced Forward Presence in the Baltic.
Italy
is also active in the training of the police personnel destined for
peacekeeping missions. Over 10 thousand Police Units from over 130
countries have been trained at the Centre
of Excellence for the Stability Police Units (CoESPU) in
Vicenza since 2006. Training has been provided in the areas of
international human rights, tackling gender-based violence, the
protection of children in conflict situations and restoration of the
rule of law. Italy hosts a United
Nations Logistics Base in
Brindisi that provides logistical support to all UN peacekeeping
operations in its role as a “Global Service Centre”, including in
information science and telecommunications. It is also emerging as a
centre of excellence and innovation in managing the environmental
impact of UN operations.
Overall
deployment abroad in both UN and non-UN missions peaked at nearly
8,700 in 2005 and has subsequently ranged between 5,500 and 8,000. In
January 2019 there were over 6,000 uniformed Italian personnel
deployed abroad in 34 missions.
https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1161188.pdf?_1560509858868
https://www.ilmessaggero.it/italia/militari_italiani_estero_dove_sono-4261852.html
Currently,
these include the presence is in Lebanon (UNIFIL 1072
personnel),
in
Afghanistan, (NATO Resolute Support Mission (RSM 895 personnel),
in
the Mediterranean Sea (EUNAVFOR MED Sophia, 520 personnel)
See
also the notes on the migration and refugee crisis on this blog;
and
the update we will add this year.
in
the NATO Joint Enterprise in the Balkans (538 personnel)
KFOR
comes under a single chain of command, under the authority of
Commander KFOR (COMKFOR). COMKFOR reports to the Commander of Joint
Force Command Naples (COM JFCN), Italy. The current COMKFOR is Major
General Lorenzo D’Addario
in
the Indian Ocean (EUNAVFOR Atalanta, 407 personnel).
Italy
also contributes significantly to the
Global Coalition against Daesh 1,100
personnel,
with over 250 personneldeployed in Iraq.
in
NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in Latvia (160 troops)
in
the bilateral
assistance and support mission in Libya
(400 personnel) and
more generally, as regards the central Mediterranean area, there is
the national air and naval surveillance and security system for this
area, Operation
Mare Sicuro,
including support for the Libyan Coast Guard (754 personnel).
See
the following:
The
Italian approach to missions is also important:
As
we have seen, Italy has joined in many UN, NATO and EU operations
as well as providing assistance in the Middle
East peace
process, peacekeeping,
and combating the illegal
drug trade, human
trafficking,
piracy and terrorism.
Under
long-standing bilateral agreements flowing from NATO membership,
Italy hosts important U.S. military forces at Vicenza –
home
of 173d
Airborne Brigade –
and Livorno (USA); Aviano(USAF);
and Sigonella, Nisida,
and Gaeta –
home
port for the U.S.
Navy Sixth
Fleet.
The United States has about 16,000 military personnel stationed in
Italy. Italy hosts the NATO
Defence Collegeat
Cecchignola, near Rome.
Now
go to: http://www.esteri.it/
and then
Home > Politica Estera > Organizzazioni Internazionali > ONU
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/temi_globali/diritti_umani/litalia_e_i_diritti_umani.html
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping.html
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/approfondimenti/20090525_ITALIA_NELLONU.pdf
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
also:
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/NATO.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/OSCE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/COE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/FondoMonetarioInternazionale.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/BancaMondiale.htm
and then
Home > Politica Estera > Organizzazioni Internazionali > ONU
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/temi_globali/diritti_umani/litalia_e_i_diritti_umani.html
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping.html
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/approfondimenti/20090525_ITALIA_NELLONU.pdf
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
also:
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/NATO.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/OSCE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/COE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/FondoMonetarioInternazionale.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/BancaMondiale.htm
http://www.un.org/en/ga/65/meetings/generaldebate/View/SpeechView/tabid/85/smid/411/ArticleID/195/reftab/231/t/Italy/Default.html
If you go to this site:
http://www.italyun.esteri.it/rappresentanza_onu
you can choose English as the operating language to read and make notes on the following:
Peace and Security
Human Rights – International Law
The UN Security Council Reform
Italian Contribution to the UN Budget
Have a look at:
If you go to this site:
http://www.italyun.esteri.it/rappresentanza_onu
you can choose English as the operating language to read and make notes on the following:
Peace and Security
Human Rights – International Law
The UN Security Council Reform
Italian Contribution to the UN Budget
Have a look at:
and
more recently
Italian
Economic Diplomacy
https://www.prometeia.it/en/atlas/economic-diplomacy-Italy
this says how much it's worth to Italy in billions of euros.
Expo
Milano
Destinazione Italia
https://www.leggioggi.it/2014/02/20/il-decreto-destinazione-italia-e-legge-testo-definitivo-e-misure-principali/
Italy
and Trade
Cultural
Diplomacy
Definition
Italian
Cultural Diplomacy
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2013/06/20130613_bonino_diplomazia.html
good
examples: http://www.iiclosangeles.esteri.it/iic_losangeles/en/
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/promozionelinguaitaliana/portale-della-lingua-italiana.html
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/promozionelinguaitaliana/promozionelibroitaliano.html
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/07/pechino-mostra-di-goffi-sulla-xxi.html
for
current examples, go to:
More
on Italy and 'soft power'
https://www.esteri.it/mae/it/politica_estera/promozione-integrata-del-sistema/italian-design-day-idd
and
the EU
Italy
at the UN
Italy
was elected to the UN Human Rights Council for the period
2019/2021. Will it be able to energize that body?
https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/italia-eletta-al-consiglio-per-i-diritti-umani-dell-onu-per-il-periodo-2019-2021.html
Italy
on the UN Security Council in 2017
Italy's
efforts to ban the death penalty at a global level
Italy
and reform of the UN Security Council
and
complications
Italy
and the EU
Italy's
position on important questions such as: EU
economic
policy,
background
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italy-seeks-new-deal-to-scrap-eu-austerity-as-its-economy-stalls-a7189936.html
http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/700298/European-Union-Italy-prime-minister-Matteo-Renzi-Brussels-austerity-Merkel-ECB
refugee
and migration policy
background
https://www.businessinsider.com/italys-new-leader-says-will-no-longer-be-europes-refugee-camp-2018-6?IR=T
EU
military cooperation
The
European battlegroups
http://www.ansa.it/friuliveneziagiulia/notizie/2016/11/21/forze-armate-al-via-esercitazione-european-wind-2016_0de27957-ff5f-4dbb-bef0-bbac9e1467c8.html
Italy
and NATO
including
more on 'Enhanced Forward Presence'
2016
2017
2018
2019
The
Mediterranean, North Africa and Libya
http://www.limesonline.com/crisi-libia-haftar-serraj-italia-guerra-missione-militare/112041?prv=true
http://www.corriere.it/esteri/16_settembre_14/ospedale-italiano-libia-via-l-operazione-ippocrate-86988d90-79ed-11e6-8c12-dd8263fa3b6d.shtml
Balkans
http://www.balkanalysis.com/blog/2016/09/04/italian-security-in-the-mena-and-balkans-part-5-croatia-and-bosnia-herzegovina/
Africa
and Middle East
https://www.aics.gov.it/home-ita/settori/sviluppo-economico-sostegno-alle-pmi/migrazioni-e-sviluppo/
Some
further Background Information
The
Italian Armed Forces
The
Italian Armed Forces include active
personnel in the Italian
Army (Esercito
Italiano), the Italian Air Force (Aeronautica
Militare Italiana), The
Italian Navy (Marina
Militare),
Arma
dei Carabinieri, Guardia
di Finanza
and reserve personnel.
Il
Bilancio del Ministero della Difesa
Nel
suo complesso, il bilancio del Ministero della Difesa sale fino
21.432.2 milioni di euro, con un aumento di 463,3 milioni (+ 2,2%)
sui 20.968,9 milioni del 2018.
As
part of Operation
Enduring Freedom,
Italy contributed to the international operation inAfghanistan.
Italian forces contributed to ISAF,
the NATO force in Afghanistan,
and to theProvincial
reconstruction team.
and deployed a platoon of Carabinieri military
police.
The
Italian Army did not take part in combat operations of the 2003 Iraq
War,
dispatching troops only when major combat operations were declared
over by the U.S.
President George
W. Bush.
Subsequently Italian troops arrived in the late summer of 2003, and
began patrolling Nasiriyah and
the surrounding area. Italian participation in the military
operations in Iraq was concluded by the end of 2006, with full
withdrawal of Italian military personnel except for a small group of
about 30 soldiers engaged in providing security for the Italian
embassy in Baghdad.
Italy played a major role in the 2004-2011 NATO
Training Mission to
assist in the development of Iraqi security forces training
structures and institutions.
Other
missions
UNIFIL,
since 1978 (Lebanon)
KFOR,
since 1999 (Kosovo)
ISAF,
since 2001 (Afghanistan)
Operation
Ocean Shield,
since 2009 (Gulf of Aden)
Multilateral
missions
Iscriviti a:
Post (Atom)