giovedì 27 settembre 2018

Opportunities and challenges: economic, social, and political impacts of climate change in the Arctic and the need for cooperation

https://www.sioi.org/arctic-connections-the-international-symposium-to-promote-cooperation-on-arctic-issues/
https://www.esteri.it/mae/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2016/10/l-italia-e-l-artico-nel-ventennale.html
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venerdì 21 settembre 2018

Essays

If you write me an essay on your laptop, please switch on your Grammar and Spell check in English but switch off your Autocorrect so that you see your  mistakes and have to correct them yourself.

If your type on your laptop, or write by hand on  paper, please write on every other line so I have space to correct your work.

You need to structure your work, breaking it into clear paragraphs and indenting.

You need to do lots of research first for the content of your essay.

You need to find a clear line of argument to shape youe essay.

This should help you to write your introduction and conclusion.

You need to use a dictionary while you are writing and reread and check everything at the end.

Legible handwriting please.
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More Rapid Reading Practice


Remember one minute for each question.

Lots of texts and 3 levels, Easy, Moderate and Difficult
then click on pages, 2,3,4 etc for more questions and next text


Here there are 24 questions. Choose an answer to number 1, check it with View the Correct Answer and go to Next at the top for the next question.

Useful tips

Go to this page and click on one of the tests (e.g. Test 1). When you finish all the questions, click on Validate for score. Then go back to the first page and choose another Test.

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Some sites with texts for rapid reading comprehension


Don't give yourselves too much time when you do these reading comprehension texts. For example, when there are 6 questions, you have 6 minutes. 4 questions means 4 minutes.


and then all the other texts on the right of the page, Academic Reading 2-9


and then the other texts on the right of the page


and then the other one on the right (BEC Higher)


and then the other ones on the right, B2 and C2


not texts 1 and 2 please, but the other ones on the right, 4-8


and then the other ones on the right, 2-4

Also:


and then pages 2-12, text and questions




and then some of the reading section on the left (where the text has questions)

and other sections on the left in Reading and IELTS like
and
and other pages starting here








and then choose a text

OK, now go here (and select only what seems useful!) :
do all the reading comprehensions on that page and at the bottom of the page, click on the next page 2, 3 etc.



<< Početak < « 1 2 3 4 5 6 » > Kraj >>

The sample text below on pages 9 and 10 may also be useful but not the tips

plus anything else you find by doing a search on google for:

'free C1 texts for multiple choice reading comprehension' or something similar

and chose this:

You could also get old Cambridge IELTS, CAE and FCE Practice Test Books (the version with answers) from your relatives, colleagues or friends or on Amazon. Don't get Cambridge IELTS Academic 11 or General 11, Cambridge CAE 5 or FCE 5 or 6 as I have those. Then do all the reading sections, giving yourself the same number of minutes to do each one as there are questions.

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mercoledì 12 settembre 2018

Diplomacy, Diplomatic Missions, Embassies, Consulates, European External Action Service, Diplomacy and Sport, Cultural Diplomacy, Economic Diplomacy

You should read the following carefully and make notes :


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomacy

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How much is Italian economic diplomacy worth?

https://www.esteri.it/mae/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/promozione-integrata-quanto-vale.html
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Italy's role as an active member of the international community


Italy’s international stance

Articolo 11 della Costituzione Italiana

L'Italia ripudia la guerra come strumento di offesa alla libertà degli altri popoli e come mezzo di risoluzione delle controversie internazionali; consente, in condizioni di parità con gli altri Stati, alle limitazioni di sovranità necessarie ad un ordinamento che assicuri la pace e la giustizia fra le Nazioni; promuove e favorisce le organizzazioni internazionali rivolte a tale scopo.
Article 11 of the Constitution of Italy says:
Italy rejects war as an instrument of aggression against the freedom of other peoples and as a means for the settlement of international disputes. Italy agrees, on conditions of equality with other States, to the limitations of sovereignty that may be necessary to a world order ensuring peace and justice among the Nations. Italy promotes and encourages international organisations having such ends.
Background
Italy is considered to be both a major regional power and a middle power with membership in prominent institutions or groups such as the UN, the EU, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the DAC, the WTO, the G4 in the European Union, G6, G7, G8, G10, G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Latin Union, the Council of Europe, the Central European Initiative, the ASEM and the Uniting for Consensus. Italy currently maintains the world's tenth-largest nominal defence budget and is a participant in the NATO nuclear sharing policy. As of the 1st of January 2017, Italy is a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council by virtue of its election on 28 June 2016 and in compliance with the Hague Convention providing for the division of the 2017-2018 two-year mandate.
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/2017/01/l-italia-in-consiglio-di-sicurezza.html
Italy is a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and of theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and strong supporter of a wide number of international organisations, such as theOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative. Its recent or upcoming turns in the rotating presidency of international organisations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in 2018, the G7 in 2017 and the EU Council from July to December 2014. Italy is also a recurrent non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, most recently in 2017.
http://mediterraneanaffairs.com/italy-three-circle-approach-foreign-policy/
Italy strongly supports multilateral international politics, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities. The number of Italian uniformed personnel in UN-led peacekeeping operations surged in 2006 with the expansion of UNIFIL in Lebanon. The Force Commander of UNIFIL was an Italian General who held this positions from 2007 to 2010 and again from early 2012 until July 2014. From a peak of almost 3,000 troops in February 2008, Italian uniformed UN peacekeepers declined to 1,108 in December 2011, and their number has remained substantially stable until mid-2017. Apart from UNIFIL, in 2017 Italy participated with military observers and staff officers in three other UN-led missions, MINUSMA in Mali, UNMIK in Kosovo and UNFICYP in Cyprus.
Overall deployment abroad in both UN and non-UN missions peaked at nearly 8,700 in 2005 and has subsequently ranged between 5,500 and 8,000. By early 2017, there were more than 5,500 uniformed Italian personnel deployed abroad, out of which about the 30% were in NATO-led operations, 20 % in UN-led missions, 20% in EU-led missions, and about 30% in other multinational coalitions or bilateral operations. Currently, the main presence is in Lebanon (UNIFIL), Afghanistan, (NATO Resolute Support Mission (RSM), 950), in the Mediterranean Sea (EUNAVFOR MED Sophia, 680) and in the Indian Ocean (EUNAVFOR Atalanta, 348). Italy contributes significantly to the Global Coalition against Daesh as well, with over 1,000 troops deployed.
In 2017 Italy has made significant emergency contributions in Afghanistan, Somalia, South Sudan and Palestine.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03932729.2016.1108613?src=recsys&journalCode=rspe20
Now go to:  http://www.esteri.it/
and then 
Home >  Politica Estera >  Organizzazioni Internazionali >  ONU 
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/temi_globali/diritti_umani/litalia_e_i_diritti_umani.html
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping.html
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/approfondimenti/20090525_ITALIA_NELLONU.pdf
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
also:
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/NATO.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/OSCE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/COE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/FondoMonetarioInternazionale.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/BancaMondiale.htm
2010 Statement by H.E. Mr. Franco Frattini, Minister for Foreign Affairs at the UN
http://www.un.org/en/ga/65/meetings/generaldebate/View/SpeechView/tabid/85/smid/411/ArticleID/195/reftab/231/t/Italy/Default.html
If you go to this site:
http://www.italyun.esteri.it/rappresentanza_onu
you can choose English as the operating language to read and make notes on the following:
Peace and Security
Human Rights – International Law
The UN Security Council Reform
Italian Contribution to the UN Budget
Have a look at:
http://mediterraneanaffairs.com/defining-new-italian-role-libya/
La Diplomazia Economica Italiana
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_diplomacy
Expo Milano

Destinazione Italia

Cultural Diplomacy
Definition
Italian Cultural Diplomacy
Good examples of events and exhibitions:
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/cultura/promozionelinguaitaliana/settimanalinguaitaliana
The Italian Armed Forces and Operational Commitments
Manpower
Active personnel: 347,927 in 2017 The Italian Army (Esercito Italiano): 102,995 (2nd in size in the EU) The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana): 43,000 (2nd in the EU) The Italian Navy (Marina Militare): a modern navy with a strength of 30,923 (3rd in the EU) Arma dei Carabinieri: 103,893 (1st in the EU) Guardia di Finanza:68,134 Reserve personnel: 41,867 (2017)
Expenditure (budget): €35.8 billion (2017) Percent of GDP: 1.27% (2017)
http://www.politico.eu/article/europes-military-maestros-italy-troops-mediterranean-migrants-libya-refugees/
UN and NATO membership and international missions and operations
Italy has joined in many UN, NATO and EU operations as well as providing assistance in the Middle East peace process, peacekeeping, and combating the illegal drug trade, human trafficking, piracy and terrorism.
Under long-standing bilateral agreements flowing from NATO membership, Italy hosts important U.S. military forces at Vicenza – home of 173d Airborne Brigade – and Livorno (USA); Aviano(USAF); and Sigonella, Nisida, and Gaeta – home port for the U.S. Navy Sixth Fleet. The United States has about 16,000 military personnel stationed in Italy. Italy hosts the NATO Defence Collegeat Cecchignola, near Rome.
Italy took part in the 1982 Multinational Force in Lebanon along with US, French and British troops. Italy also participated in the 1990–91 Gulf War, with the deployment of eight Panavia Tornado IDS bomber jets; Italian Army troops were subsequently deployed to assist Kurdishrefugees in northern Iraq following the conflict.
As part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Italy contributed to the international operation inAfghanistan. Italian forces have contributed to ISAF, the NATO force in Afghanistan, and to theProvincial reconstruction team. Italy has sent 3,800 troops, including one infantry company from the 2nd Alpini Regiment tasked to protect the ISAF HQ, one engineer company, one NBC platoon, one logistic unit, as well as liaison and staff elements integrated into the operation chain of command. Italian forces also command a multinational engineer task force and have deployed a platoon of Carabinieri military police.
The Italian Army did not take part in combat operations of the 2003 Iraq War, dispatching troops only when major combat operations were declared over by the U.S. President George W. Bush. Subsequently Italian troops arrived in the late summer of 2003, and began patrolling Nasiriyah and the surrounding area. Italian participation in the military operations in Iraq was concluded by the end of 2006, with full withdrawal of Italian military personnel except for a small group of about 30 soldiers engaged in providing security for the Italian embassy in Baghdad. Italy played a major role in the 2004-2011 NATO Training Mission to assist in the development of Iraqi security forces training structures and institutions.
Operations
Since the second post-war the Italian armed force has become more and more engaged in international peace support operations, mainly under the auspices of the United Nations. The Italian armed forces are currently participating in 26 missions.[1]
Main operation and military commitments
See the map of current operations on pages 6-7 here:
See also this excellent update of the current operations of the Italian Armed Forces highlighted on a map of the Afro-Eurasia area:
and
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missioni_militari_italiane_all%27estero#1946-oggi
See Command and Structure of KFOR
KFOR comes under a single chain of command, under the authority of Commander KFOR (COMKFOR). COMKFOR reports to the Commander of Joint Force Command Naples (COM JFCN), Italy. The current COMKFOR is Maj. Gen. Giovanni Fungo. He assumed command of the Kosovo Force on 1 September 2016.
The Mediterranean, North Africa and Libya
See also the notes on the migration and refugee crisis on this blog;
You should also look at:
Italy at the UN and efforts to ban the death penalty at a global level
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_moratorium_on_the_death_penalty
Italy and reform of the UN Security Council
Italy and the EU, Italy's position on important questions such as:
EU economic policy, refugee and migration policy and military cooperation
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/world/europe/italy-european-union.html
The European Battle Group
http://www.ansa.it/friuliveneziagiulia/notizie/2016/11/21/forze-armate-al-via-esercitazione-european-wind-2016_0de27957-ff5f-4dbb-bef0-bbac9e1467c8.html

In case you missed it above, see this excellent update of the current operations of the Italian Armed Forces highlighted on a map of the Afro-Eurasian area:


See the map of current world operations on pages 6-7 here:

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