NATO and the failing global peace and security order

Following the conference yesterday

In 2025 the existing rules-based global peace and security framework is broken, characterized by fragmentation and confrontation rather than cooperation, and the rise of regional powers (Russia, China, Iran, Türkiye). The world order, which was bipolar and fairly predictable during the Cold War, is now multipolar, unstable and much less predictable.

Mondo Smontato https://www.libreriauniversitaria.it/mondo-smontato-sessa-riccardo-armando/libro/9791259847218?srsltid=AfmBOoo2cBqDF8Rf6d9KmEwQE6JFuyn7vWA2iC_4J0GXOaupHOLEvNof

https://rm.coe.int/as-pol-2024-27-draft-report-the-need-for-a-renewed-rules-based-interna/1680b2c73e

https://press.un.org/en/2024/sgsm22378.doc.htm

https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/eu-peace-security-and-defence_en

https://www.economist.com/leaders/2024/05/09/the-liberal-international-order-is-slowly-coming-apart

https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/challenges-to-a-rules-based-international-order/

https://www.gcsp.ch/publications/reforming-global-security-architecture

https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/2025/01/07/davos-wef-mckinsey-barometer/

https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/global-cooperation-flatlined-how-reinvent-it/

https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/from-russias-shadow-fleet-to-chinas-maritime-claims-the-freedom-of-the-seas-is-under-threat/

https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/01/02/think-2024-was-wild-eight-global-forces-will-make-2025-even-more-turbulent/

https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/to-watch-in-2025-european-defense-and-security-194905

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/ashoks-statecraft/turning-the-page-geopolitical-shifts-global-realignments-and-challenges-as-2024-fades-into-2025/

Growing competition for rare earths

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420723005329#:~:text=For%20China%2C%20India%2C%20Russia%20and,gradual%20deterioration%20in%20recent%20years.

https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/scramble-africas-rare-earths-china-not-alone-30725

https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/why-world-turning-to-greenlands-rare-earth-metals/32694/

Challenges in trying to build an effective European defence system:

its lack of an adequate command and control system, compared to NATO.

It lacks an adequate, autonomous satellite system, intelligence system and logistics.

'The European Union (EU) does not have a permanent military command structure along the lines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO).'

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_and_control_structure_of_the_European_Union#:~:text=The%20European%20Union%20(EU)%20does,of%20the%20EU's%20CSDP%20missions.

https://eda.europa.eu/webzine/issue11/interview/military-capabilities---europe-still-lacks-strategic-enablers

https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/analyses/europe-at-war-and-european-defence-the-same-as-ever/

https://ip-quarterly.com/en/lost-space-europes-role-spatial-defense

https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2025/01/22/commissioner-kubilius-calls-for-'big-bang'-in-eu-defence

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2024/762855/EPRS_STU(2024)762855_EN.pdf

https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/strategic-compass-security-and-defence-1_en

https://www.bruegel.org/first-glance/case-european-defence-compact

How many Italian military personnel  are there in missions abroad and where are they?

‘L’Italia vanta infatti all’attivo più di 40 missioni nel 2024, posizionandosi come gli Usa – quindi primo tra gli europei – e primo tra i contributori occidentali alle missioni delle Nazioni Unite.’

Military personnel: ‘NATO (5.170), ONU (2.764) e UE (742).’

‘primo contributore per le operazioni dell’Ue, secondo contributore della Nato dopo.’

From: https://www.affarinternazionali.it/le-missioni-internazionali-2024-quanti-e-dove-sono-i-militari-italiani/

See also:

https://www.analisidifesa.it/2024/04/le-missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-nel-2024/

https://www.difesa.it/operazionimilitari/index/26771.html

https://www.geopop.it/quante-e-quali-sono-le-missioni-e-le-basi-militari-italiane-allestero/

‘Operazioni Militari - L'Italia è impegnata in 39 missioni e operazioni internazionali, di cui 3 nazionali. Il contingente massimo autorizzato per le missioni internazionali è di circa 13.800 unità, mentre l'impiego medio all'estero è di circa 6.800 unità.’

From: https://www.difesa.it/operazionimilitari/index/26771.html#:~:text=L'Italia%20%C3%A8%20impegnata%20in,%C3%A8%20di%20circa%206.800%20unit%C3%A0.

Defence spending

https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/defence-spending-for-europe-s-security-how-much-is-enough.html

https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/11/19/italian-defense-spending-rise-may-underwhelm-new-us-leader/