How should the UN be reformed?
Introduction: Start with a reference to a recent event or statement of
importance to the question. For example:
or 2018-2019
https://reform.un.org/news/interview-jens-wandel-special-advisor-sg-reform
https://reform.un.org/news/un-secretary-general-ant%C3%B3nio-guterres-un-reform
https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/ga12091.doc.htm
Give some of the reasons why the UN is important and thus why it needs to
be an effective organization. It is simply the
largest, most important and universal international organization. It is the
main international organization responsible for promoting and ensuring peaceful
relations between states and respect for human rights, so if it fails in its
mission, the global community is in trouble. It is the main public forum for
international debate, and in many ways its institutions and protocols set the moral
standards for how actors within the international community should act. It is the world’s best-known aid organization
and provider of emergency, development and educational funds and programs.
https://unsceb.org/content/FS-F00-04?gyear=2018
Line of argument: this essay will
argue that there is general consensus about the need for UN Reform but less
agreement about how this should be achieved. It will also be argued that
radical UN Security Council reform is unlikely and the structural reforms
called for in other areas and launched in 2019 by UN Secretary-General António
Guterres may also prove in practice to be quite difficult. It will further be
argued that the real role of the UN and
ICC is to create a normative environment and language regarding relations
between states based on peaceful coexistence and cooperation, collective
security and mutual respect in the hope that states and individuals will
gradually reform and conform over time.
Why is there a need for wide-ranging reform? UN Secretary General Kofi Annan 1997-2006called on the UN to respond to
criticisms of the organisation regarding: management / waste / bureaucracy /
inefficiencies /use of development funds/ duplication and overlapping /
recruitment / corruption, accountability and immunity / effectiveness of UN
peace-keeping and humanitarian operations (R2P or RtoP) or the lack of an
operation / The UN Human Rights Council / aid dependence. What has been
achieved since 2006? Why is it hard to make progress on internal reform? What
are the current reforms (2019) designed to achieve?
Why is the current structure of the UNSC unrepresentative? How could it be made more representative? Why
is this difficult? What are the voting requirements in the General Assembly and
on the SC for any reform to be adopted? What's the current situation?
What are the political limitations on any major changes given the UN's
history and the nature of the international community? Idealism / Realism / Functionalism
/ what happened to the League of Nations.
Conclusion: Thus, given what we have said above, the international
community, the UN Secretary General and Secretariat and the UN members should
continue to push for reform of the SC and wider reforms in the way the UN
functions but we should be realistic about the prospects. As has been argued,
in fact, the real role of the UN and ICC may be to create a normative
environment and language regarding peaceful relations between states,
democratic values and human rights in the hope that states and individuals will
gradually reform and conform over time. The UN is responsible for creating and
reinforcing the diplomatic language and behavioural norms for international
relations based on peaceful coexistence and cooperation, collective security
and mutual respect. If we compare cooperation and dialogue between states today
and at any time before the creation of the UN or during the Cold War, it would
be difficult to deny that the UN and the international community have made some
very real progress.
Maybe finish with another reference to a recent event or statement of
importance to the idea of setting the tone and trying to establish the norms.
Example: https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/ga12268.doc.htm
or the need for renewed commitment:
https://twitter.com/SIOItweet/status/1319304555885154304
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbNwjltkmFk
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