domenica 15 marzo 2020

Error Correction (3) - Some Possible Solutions

These are some possible solutions to the error correction exercise here:
  1. These countries are going through a phase of rapid population growth.
  2. Poor living conditions / sub-Saharan Africa / together / closely linked
  3. EU governments are tightening controls to reduce immigration.
  4. We have witnessed rapid population growth.
  5. the integration of foreigners (migrants) into the host state
  6. Countries are tightening border controls. / an increase
  7. The urgent need to enhance (to improve) the living conditions (the living standards) of the poor/strengthened
  8. This is an example of the efforts the international community is making.
  9. when Malthus made these predictions / from this point of view / nowadays
10) energy supplies / an increase in population / to support (maintain) their families
11) a huge number of people/refugee camps / developing countries
12) Things have changed, both as regards differences in growth rates and ...
13) .... with a predicted increase in the costs of pensions and welfare programs in general.
14) to work out and implement policies to discourage immigration / an unusual agreement
15) This situation has created a siege mentality in Europe.
16) As regards population movements, ... / an important factor for growth
17) to use the tools provided by the Lisbon Treaty / new immigration policies
18) We need to understand whether the instruments currently used to deal with this problem are effective.
19) There is a lot of opposition to immigration / to adapt to local customs
20) higher life expectancy / This (has) led to new conflicts.
21) lower labour costs for companies / it is possible
22) to move from one country to another / this is due to several factors
23 Europe has an ageing (aging) population / a tolerant society
24) There are various reasons for migration.
25) A new range (series) of problems has emerged.
26) ... to guarantee refugees adequate protection.
27) Countries should open up their borders (frontiers) / the nineteenth century
28) Italian immigrants (the Italian-American community) put pressure on the US government to lighten the terms of the peace treaty.
30) Borders are becoming less and less important / a large population
31) This is clearly evident ... / These flows will become bigger and bigger
32) This phenomenon needs to be brought under control.
33) These population trends are now clear.
34) In Europe, immigrants are one of the main sources of both skilled and unskilled workers
35) There could be further demographic expansion in the near future.
36) the other members of the international community / global trade
37) an attack on the state’s unity by independence movements
38) the need for sustainable development / the reasons for these changes
39) This has strengthened relations between states / developed countries
40) These states, which are growing rapidly, have enormous populations.
41) .... to countries that require new workers.
42) Wars of aggression were outlawed by the UN.
43) India, despite its policy of birth control, has a growing population.
44) Many nations in Africa have seen (registered)a rapid increase in population.
46) Public anger has forced (driven) governments to act / at the diplomatic level
47) Gheddafi committed himself to controlling (made a commitment to control) migration flows to Italy.
48) From the examples given above, ... / ineffective remedies (strategies)
49) They are trying to improve their health services. / influential states
50) An aging population means a smaller workforce (fewer workers) / eastern Europe
51) from states in the global ‘North’ to states in the global ‘South’
52) Dealing with these problems requires the state (means that the state has) to take action.
53) The demand for labor is met by migrant workers.
54) Migrants can provide their families with money (can send home remittances to support their families).
55) In fact, European migrants moved to distant countries /Western Europe
56) Iran and Turkey are working out a plan to prevent the Kurds (from) acquiring political power (gaining autonomy) (gaining independence).
57) This could endanger the international order.
58) The Roman Empire extended its borders by conquest. /without doubt (undoubtedly)
59) The higher population, the more powerful the state became
60) Immigrants are often considered a threat. /neighboring countries
61) Immigrants must be guaranteed the right to (basic and further) education.
62) People are no longer willing to put up with (accept) these living conditions
63) ... to prevent people (from) illegally crossing its borders.
64) Migration is considered an effective solution to labor shortages.
65) A host country expects migrants to adapt (to conform) to its customs
66) Overpopulation is a serious problem (challenge) for a developing country.
67) Today we are witnessing the economic emergence of demographic giants like China.
68) The size of its population has always been a decisive measure of a state’s power.
69) Women’s rights and children’s rights / a more effective policy
70) A system of fixed quotas on migration is often the result of bilateral negotiations.
71) Political and ethnic persecution force (drive) many people to flee abroad.
72) People with professional qualifications / the unemployed / more than expected
73) There are (tens of) thousands of Mexican workers (migrants) looking for work.
74) They are willing to work for lower wages. / illiterate people
75) This will permit migrants to integrate more easily / closely linked
76) Given this situation, governments need to give them more help.
77) GDP (growth) is a measure of a country’s wealth (economic performance). / Moreover, ...
78) For most of world history ..... / In spite of these improvements,...
     79) Famine can lead to massive starvation. / international forums
     80) governments throughout the world / the supply of labor
     81) if these population trends continue...... / the demand for labor
82) producing more at lower prices / the main reason for migration
83) In the last two (three, four?) decades the world has seen a major demographic increase.
84) Governments are planning to raise the retirement age.
85) Countries naturally try to expand their political influence.
86) The government needs to work out effective policies to deal with this.
87) All these elements are part of a single problem.
88) Cultural differences can lead to tensions. / from an economic point of view...
89) This was true but is no longer true. / at the moment/ethnic cleansing
90) There are many dangerous areas, the Middle East above all.
91) It is possible to identify two main causes. / to ensure international security
92) Migrants may feel uprooted (marginalized). / these days (at the moment) / in particular
93) At the moment this does not seem true. /war refugees / absorb
94) After the War (the Second World War) Europe went through a period of rapid economic expansion.
95) It must be remembered that large flows of migrants represent a serious problem for the host countries.
96) There are about (more than) (just over) 7 billion people in the world. / to improve
97) Today states have been joined on the world stage by international organizations like the UN.
98) However, demographic growth may have some harmful effects if it is not linked to real economic development.
99) In many African states, the political authorities are weak.
100) Many migrants are simply trying to lift themselves out of poverty.

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