https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-conference-nato-summit-vilnius/23142
https://ecfr.eu/publication/romes-moment-draghi-multilateralism-and-italys-new-strategy/
Articolo 11 della
Costituzione Italiana
L'Italia ripudia la guerra come strumento
di offesa alla libertà degli altri popoli e come mezzo di risoluzione delle
controversie internazionali; consente, in condizioni di parità con gli altri
Stati, alle limitazioni di sovranità necessarie ad un ordinamento che assicuri
la pace e la giustizia fra le Nazioni; promuove e favorisce le organizzazioni
internazionali rivolte a tale scopo.
https://www.senato.it/1025?sezione=118&articolo_numero_articolo=11
Article 11 of the Constitution of
Italy says:
Italy rejects war as an instrument of
aggression against the freedom of other peoples and as a means for the
settlement of international disputes. Italy agrees, on conditions of equality
with other States, to the limitations of sovereignty that may be necessary to a
world order ensuring peace and justice among the Nations. Italy promotes and
encourages international organisations having such ends.
http://www.educational.rai.it/materiali/pdf_articoli/22122.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federalist_Movement
Some
general background
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy
division of Italian
diplomatic history into 3 phases?
Italy is considered to
be both a major regional power and a middle power with membership in prominent institutions or groups
such as the UN, the EU, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the DAC, the WTO, G6, G7, G8, G10, G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Latin Union, the Council of Europe, the Central European Initiative, the ASEM (Asia-Europe
Meeting) and the Uniting for
Consensus group (nicknamed the Coffee Club) at the UN. Italy currently (2019) maintains the world's tenth-largest nominal defense budget
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures
11th
strongest for firepower
https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=italy
and is a participant
in the NATO nuclear sharing policy. During 2017, Italy was a non-permanent member of
the United Nations Security Council by virtue of its election on 28 June 2016
and in compliance with the Hague Convention providing for the division of the
2017-2018 two-year mandate with Holland.
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf
Italy was a founding
member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Italy was
admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and strong supporter
of a wide number of international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General
Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization
for Security and Co-operation in
Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative. Its recent or upcoming turns in the rotating
presidency of international organizations include the Organization for Security and
Co-operation in Europe in 2018,
the G7 in 2017 and the from
July to December 2014. Italy is also a recurrent non-permanent member of the EU Council, as mentioned above, most recently in 2017. On 1 January 2019,
Italy took over the rotating Presidency of the Central European Initiative
(CEI).
http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/eu/regional-initiatives/cei
Italy’s
role in the world, some examples:
Italy on the
UN Security Council in 2017
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf
Italy’s
Presidency of the G20 and the G20 ROME LEADERS’ DECLARATION
COP26
https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/g20-e-cop26-il-ruolo-dellitalia-32349
COP27
Meloni’s
speech in Italian: https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/intervento-del-presidente-meloni-al-vertice-dei-capi-di-stato-e-di-governo-cop27/20927
Meloni’s
speech in English: https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-speech-cop27-world-leaders-summit/20951
Italy
and UN Security Council Reform (2022):
PM
Draghi’s speech at the OECD Ministerial Council Meeting https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/pm-draghi-s-speech-oecd-ministerial-council-meeting/20038
The
Italian Strategy in the Mediterranean
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/12/rapporto-med-maeci-ita.pdf
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/11/rapporto-med-maeci-2017-eng.pdf
https://www.esteri.it/it/uapsds/collaborazione-maeci-ispi-per-med/
Artificial Intelligence
https://assets.innovazione.gov.it/1637937177-programma-strategico-iaweb-2.pdf
https://assets.innovazione.gov.it/1637777513-strategic-program-aiweb.pdf
The Regional
Plan for the Adriatic-Balkans area
https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Piano-Regione-Adriatico-Balcanica_DEF_ridotto.pdf
The
Africa/EU Partnership
https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/africa-eu-partnership_it?etrans=it
https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/africa-eu-partnership_en
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54412/final_declaration-en.pdf
NATO
https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-conference-nato-summit-vilnius/23142
https://www.med-or.org/news/summit-nato-2023-tra-ucraina-svezia-e-fianco-sud
The 3 circles (see the
sections on different areas towards the end of this post) approach to Italian
foreign policy and some general considerations and criticism:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23248823.2018.1544352
file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/ojsadmin,+PDF_Issue_15_1_Cladi_Locatelli_29-41.pdf
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03932729.2016.1108613?src=recsys&journalCode=rspe20
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/goals-and-shortcomings-italys-peace-operations
Italy strongly supports multilateral international
policies, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities
https://thenewglobalorder.com/report/report-the-italian-participation-in-peacekeeping-operations/
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italian-peacekeeping-missions-vast-praised-and-underused
https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/italy
https://www.difesa.it/Primo_Piano/Pagine/20160427Pinotti_convegno_peacekeeping.aspx
http://www.today.it/politica/missioni-italia-estero.html
Main current activities, operations and military
commitments
https://www.analisidifesa.it/2023/05/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2023/
https://www.difesa.it/OperazioniMilitari/op_intern_corso/Pagine/Operazioni_int.aspx click on each mission symbol
https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare
https://www.analisidifesa.it/2023/05/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2023/
Italy, the EU, NATO and Ukraine
and EU Defence integration
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italy-punches-below-its-weight-european-defence-fund
https://sldinfo.com/2023/08/european-defence-armaments-cooperation-an-august-2023-update/
and missions in the past
Recent
https://www.milex.org/2022/07/15/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2022-effettivi-e-costi/
https://www.forzeitaliane.it/Esercito-italiano-al-via-tre-nuove-missioni-estero-ecco-dove
https://www.analisidifesa.it/2022/07/qatar-mozambico-ed-est-europa-le-tre-nuove-missioni-italiane/
How many Italian
soldiers are there abroad in 2023
Per quanto riguarda il Personale impegnato, ci sono dunque le 153 unità massime e 57 di media nell’ambito nelle 4 nuove missioni previste; a questi si aggiungono gli 11.342 militari quale consistenza massima, e 7.720 quale consistenza media, previsti per quelle rinnovate.
I numeri finali dunque riferiscono di 11.495 unità di personale al massimo e 7.777 unità in media dislocati all’estero: valori dunque sostanzialmente in linea con quelli dello scorso anno che vedevano rispettivamente in 12.055 e 7.600 circa il numero dei militari dispiegati.
This map is from: https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/chi-ci-comanda-se-litalia-va-in-guerra 04/04/2022
Other maps, slightly older
https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/boots-on-the-ground-litalia-in-armi-e-dove-serve
https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/boots-on-the-ground-litalia-in-armi-e-dove-serve?prv=true
https://www.babilonmagazine.it/missioni-italiane-estero-nato-onu-ue/ (05/02/2020)
https://www.remocontro.it/2020/07/03/missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-in-parlamento-e-linteresse-nazionale/ (map and fairly
negative view, July 2020)
http://www.limesonline.com/crisi-libia-haftar-serraj-italia-guerra-missione-militare/112041?prv=true 15/04/2019 map
https://www.limesonline.com/le-missioni-militari-italiane/100866 (August 2017)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces
https://sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it/2020/01/07/le-missioni-italiane-allestero/
https://formiche.net/2020/06/mediterraneo-mappa-militari/
https://www.lenius.it/missioni-militari-italiane-nel-mondo/https://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2021/04/15/afghanistan-road-map-for-italy-troop-pullout-di-maio_2ab5c8c2-ffbd-4760-800c-b142e2fa5a3f.html
and Cyber Security
https://www.cybersecurity360.it/news/italia-cybersecurity-220-milioni-2024/
UN:
Italy’s role in peacekeeping
Italy’s role in UN missions is a significant part of our
country’s foreign outreach and responds to the need to safeguard national
security in the face of transnational threats. Our contribution to the UN
peacekeeping missions is also in keeping with the traditional multilateralism
of our foreign policy and with the conviction that, thanks to its universal
vocation, the United Nations can play an unparalleled role in supporting the
stabilisation of many crisis areas, particularly in the Middle East and Africa.
Italy is the top supplier among Western and EU nations,
in terms of military personnel and highly qualified police forces, to UN
peacekeeping operations. Italy is also the seventh-ranked contributor to the UN
peacekeeping budget. Italy’s participation in UN missions has been widely
appreciated and has become a veritable model, thanks above all to our
contingents’ capacity for dialogue with the local populations and to the
complementarity they have provided between the civilian and military dimensions
in stabilisation and peacekeeping operations.
In accordance with its foreign policy priorities, Italy
plays an especially key role in the UNIFIL mission in Southern Lebanon, with
over 1,000 Italian troops deployed there. Italy also participates in UN
missions in Africa, Asia and Europe.
Italy is also active in the training of the police
personnel destined for peacekeeping missions. Over 10 thousand Police Units
from over 130 countries have been trained at the Centre of Excellence for the
Stability Police Units (CoESPU) in Vicenza since 2006. Training has been
provided in the areas of international human rights, tackling gender-based
violence, the protection of children in conflict situations and restoration of
the rule of law. Italy hosts a United Nations Logistics Base in Brindisi
that provides logistics support to all UN peacekeeping operations in its role
as a “Global Service Centre”, including in information science and
telecommunications. It is also emerging as a centre of excellence and innovation
in managing the environmental impact of UN operations.
Italy and UNIFIL
NATO’s military presence in the east of the Alliance
https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm
The mission to Afghanistan ended at the end of June 2021, (NATO Resolute Support Mission (RSM 895 personnel)
https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2021/06/30/italy-afghanistan-mission-ends_01717133-d1ec-4916-a5fa-13ecbfb3c223.html,
https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2019_06/20190625_2019-06-RSM-Placemat.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Police_Mission_in_Afghanistan
https://thegeopolitics.com/why-nato-failed-in-afghanistan/
Italy and Libya
https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2022/12/italian-statement-on-libya/
Operazione Mediterraneo Sicuro
See the following:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces
https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=italy
The Italian approach
to missions is also important:
La partecipazione alle
missioni ONU da parte italiana è particolarmente apprezzata e rappresenta un
vero e proprio modello, soprattutto grazie alla capacità di dialogo dei nostri
contingenti con le popolazioni locali e alla complementarietà dimostrata tra
dimensione civile e militare nelle operazioni di stabilizzazione e mantenimento
della pace.
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italian-peacekeeping-missions-vast-praised-and-underused
As we have seen, Italy has joined in many UN, NATO and EU operations as well as providing assistance in the Middle East peace process, peacekeeping, and combating the illegal drug trade, human trafficking, piracy and terrorism.
Moreover, under
long-standing bilateral agreements flowing from NATO membership, Italy hosts
important U.S. military forces at Vicenza – home of 173d Airborne Brigade – and Livorno (USA); Aviano(USAF); and Sigonella, Nisida, and Gaeta – home port for the U.S.
Navy Sixth Fleet. The United States has about 16,000 military
personnel stationed in Italy. Italy hosts the NATO Defence College at Cecchignola, near
Rome.
Source: https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/11744334
Now go to: http://www.esteri.it/
and then
Home > Politica Estera > Organizzazioni Internazionali > ONU
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/temi_globali/diritti_umani/litalia_e_i_diritti_umani.html
http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/politica_estera/organizzazioni_internazionali/onu/onu_ruolo_italia_nel_peacekeeping.html
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/approfondimenti/20090525_ITALIA_NELLONU.pdf
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/ONU/La_Riforma.htm
also:
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/NATO.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/OSCE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/COE.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/FondoMonetarioInternazionale.htm
http://www.esteri.it/MAE/IT/Politica_Estera/Organizzazioni_Internazionali/BancaMondiale.htm
2010 Statement by H.E. Mr. Franco Frattini, Minister
for Foreign Affairs at the UN
http://www.un.org/en/ga/65/meetings/generaldebate/View/SpeechView/tabid/85/smid/411/ArticleID/195/reftab/231/t/Italy/Default.html
If you go to the site of the Rappresentanza Permanente d’Italia all’ONU – New York:
https://italyun.esteri.it/it/
you can choose English
as the operating language to read and make notes on the following:
The General Assembly
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding
The
Ministry odf Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
Some but not all of the following pages are available in English.
Consular Services
https://www.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/italiani-all-estero/
Politica Estera e Cooperazione allo sviluppo
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/politica_europea/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/temi_globali/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/cooperaz_sviluppo/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/diplomazia-giuridica/
Country Promotion
https://www.esteri.it/it/ministero/struttura/dgpromozionesistemapaese/
Italian Economic Diplomacy (more and more important now)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_diplomacy
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-economica-e-politica-commerciale/diplomaziaeconomica/
Background
Expo Milano
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015
Destinazione Italia
https://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/commercio-internazionale/2029984-destinazione-italia-63441770
https://www.leggioggi.it/2014/02/20/il-decreto-destinazione-italia-e-legge-testo-definitivo-e-misure-principali/
https://www.slideshare.net/Palazzo_Chigi/destinazione-italia-english-version
https://www.esteri.it/MAE/approfondimenti/2013/destinazione_italia_130923115504_phpapp02.pdf
http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/DESTINAZIONE_ITALIA_version_EN.PDF
Italy and Trade
https://www.infomercatiesteri.it/osservatorio-economico-interscambio-commerciale-italiano-mondo.php#
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_per_valore_delle_esportazioni
Cultural
Diplomacy
Definition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diplomacy
http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/index.php?en_culturaldiplomacy
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cultural_diplomacy
Italian Cultural Diplomacy
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/
https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/en/about-us/activities/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/reteiic/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/universita/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/cooperculturale/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/reteiic/
for current examples, go to:
https://iiclondra.esteri.it/iic_londra/en/
https://iicwashington.esteri.it/iic_washington/en/
https://iicparigi.esteri.it/iic_parigi/it/
https://iicpechino.esteri.it/iic_pechino/it/
https://iictokyo.esteri.it/iic_tokyo/it/
https://iicmosca.esteri.it/iic_mosca/it/
Italian
Scientific Diplomacy
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cooperscientificatecnologica/
More on Italy and 'soft
power'
https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/eventi/fare-cinema-2023/
https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/progetti/fare-cinema-2022/
https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2021/06/rassegna-fare-cinema-2021/
https://iicseoul.esteri.it/it/gli_eventi/calendario/settimana-della-cucina-italiana_0/
Human Rights and the Protection of
Cultural Heritage
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-culture-un-idUSKCN0VP235
https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/it
https://ambbaghdad.esteri.it/ambasciata_baghdad/it/ambasciata/news/dall_ambasciata/2018/07/preserving-the-cultural-heritage.html
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/eu-csdp-missions-and-protection-cultural-heritage
https://www.thelocal.it/20170217/two-cultural-treasures-rescued-from-isis-were-restored-in-italy/
Italy and the EU
The pandemic and the Recovery Fund
https://ecfr.eu/publication/romes-moment-draghi-multilateralism-and-italys-new-strategy/
https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_crisis_communication_italy_the_coronavirus_and_european_solidari/
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3126
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_5663
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4025
https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_crisis_communication_italy_the_coronavirus_and_european_solidari/
Migration
https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230916-eu-scrambles-to-address-italy-island-migrant-surge
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_4502
https://www.linkiesta.it/2023/06/riforma-regolamento-dublino-europa/
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2152
https://www.dw.com/en/italy-rushes-to-relocate-thousands-of-new-lampedusa-arrivals/a-66825666
https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/european-neighbourhood-policy/southern-neighbourhood_en
EU Security and Defence
Cooperation
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/defence-security/
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_dell%27Unione_europea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy
https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/missions-and-operations_en
https://decode39.com/7051/italy-germany-eu-defence/
http://documenti.camera.it/leg19/dossier/pdf/ES027.pdf
https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2021/07/22/ce-in-italy-for-high-level-talks
https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iai2020.pdf
https://decode39.com/5335/meloni-boost-eu-defence-nato/
https://decode39.com/4753/italy-military-support-to-kyiv/
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/defence-policy-giorgia-melonis-government
https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/EU%20and%20NATO.pdf
The European
battlegroups
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Battlegroup
negotiating with Putin
EU budgetary rules
EU Commission recommendations
https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/COM_2023_612_1_EN.pdf
Italy and
the UN
COP27
https://temi.camera.it/leg19/post/OCD15_14877/gli-esiti-della-cop27.html
Italy was elected to the UN Human Rights Council for the period 2019/2021. It aimed to energize that body.
Italy on the UN Security Council in 2017
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf
Italy's efforts to ban the death penalty at a
global level
Italy and reform of the UN Security Council
https://decode39.com/5919/italy-plan-un-security-council-reform/
https://italyun.esteri.it/it/litalia-e-le-ooii/ufc/
Italy and NATO
including more on its
‘enhanced forward presence'
https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX4a6d3qNbU
https://www.joint-forces.com/features/11889-nato-enhanced-forward-presence
https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136233.htm
The Italian forces https://www.difesa.it/OperazioniMilitari/op_intern_corso/Lettonia_Operazione_Enhanced_Forward_Presence_Baltic_Guardian/notizie_teatro/Pagine/elenco.aspx
previously
https://www.babilonmagazine.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Mappa_operazioni_militari_16122016.jpg
2017
http://www.today.it/politica/missioni-italia-estero.html
2018
https://www.lenius.it/missioni-militari-italiane-nel-mondo/
2019
https://www.panorama.it/news/esteri/missioni-estero-soldati-italia-militari-afghanistan/
http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Operazioni/Operazioni_oltremare
https://thegeopolitics.com/why-nato-failed-in-afghanistan/
The Mediterranean and beyond
https://www.affarinternazionali.it/missioni-internazionali-italiane-non-solo-mediterraneo/
https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/21/italys-mediterranean-belt-and-road/
https://documenti.camera.it/Leg18/Dossier/Pdf/DI0317.Pdf
previously
http://documenti.camera.it/leg18/dossier/pdf/DI0149.pdf
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/12/med-maeci-eng.pdf
https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1161188.pdf?_1560509858868
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Mare_Sicuro
Some further Background Information
The Italian Armed Forces
https://www.forzeitaliane.it/forze-armate
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_italiane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces
L’Arma dei Carabinieri, come anticipato,
svolge sia la funzione di forza armata (per cui dipende dalla Difesa), sia di
pubblica sicurezza (per cui dipende dal Ministero dell’Interno). I Carabinieri
al 2020 potevano contare su circa 108.000 unità.
Per quanto riguarda le altre forze armate,
l’Italia, al 2020, disponeva di un personale militare pari a circa 165.000
unità. Nel dettaglio:
L’Esercito Italiano si occupa principalmente della difesa
della sicurezza nazionale nel nostro territorio, ma anche di varie missioni a
livello internazionale. Al 2020, l’Esercito contava circa 96.000 unità (8%
donne). L’obiettivo è di ridurre il personale militare a circa 90.000 unità
entro il 2024, puntando ad una maggiore specializzazione. Nel 2020 sono state
impiegate circa 19.000 unità in operazioni (di cui oltre 3.100 unità
all’estero, in quasi tutti i continenti).
L’Aeronautica Militare si occupa di assicurare la difesa
dello spazio aereo nazionale e condurre operazioni aeree di attacco, ricerca o
soccorso; inoltre, concorre a studi, ricerche e sperimentazioni nel campo
aerospaziale e meteorologico e svolge attività informativa nei campi
pertinenti. Al 2020, l’Aeronautica conta circa 40.000 unità.
La Marina Militare si occupa principalmente di
presidiare l’area mediterranea nel controllo dei mari italiani con dispositivi
aeronavali e relativo supporto terrestre. Garantisce la sicurezza dei traffici
marittimi, studia e tutela la biodiversità marina. La Marina Militare conta
circa 29.000 unità al 2020; considerando il personale delle
capitanerie di porto, conta circa 39.600 unità.
From: https://italiaindati.com/le-forze-dellordine-italiane/
See above for 2023 figures
and those deployed abroad
Il Bilancio del Ministero della Difesa e la Funzione Difesa
Per ciò che riguarda il Bilancio del Ministero della Difesa nel suo complesso, la dotazione finanziaria per il 2023 è pari a 27.748,5 milioni di euro; con un aumento di 1.792,4 milioni rispetto ai 25.956,1 dello scorso anno.
Background
As part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Italy contributed to the international operation in Afghanistan. Italian forces contributed to ISAF, the NATO force in Afghanistan, and to the Provincial reconstruction team. and deployed a platoon of Carabinieri military police.
The Italian Army did not take part in combat operations of the 2003 Iraq War, dispatching troops only when major combat operations were declared over by the U.S. President George W. Bush. Subsequently Italian troops arrived in the late summer of 2003, and began patrolling Nasiriyah and the surrounding area. Italian participation in the military operations in Iraq was concluded by the end of 2006, with full withdrawal of Italian military personnel except for a small group of about 30 soldiers engaged in providing security for the Italian embassy in Baghdad. Italy played a major role in the 2004-2011 NATO Training Mission to assist in the development of Iraqi security forces training structures and institutions.
Other missions
UNMOGIP, since 1951 (India and Pakistan)
UNTSO, since 1958 (Israel, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon)
UNIFIL, since 1978 (Lebanon)
MINURSO, since 1991 (Western Sahara)
EUFOR Althea, since 2004 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
EUBAM Rafah, since 2005 (Gaza–Egypt border)
EUPOL Afghanistan, since 2007 (Afghanistan)
EUNAVFOR Atalanta, since 2008 (Gulf of Aden)
EUMM Georgia, since 2008 (Georgia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia)
EULEX Kosovo, since 2008 (Kosovo)
EUTM Somalia, since 2010 (Somalia)
EUCAP Nestor, since 2012 (Indian Ocean)
EUCAP Sahel Niger, since 2012 (Niger)
EUBAM Libya, since 2013 (Libya)
EUFOR RCA, since 2014 (Central African Republic)
KFOR, since 1999 (Kosovo)
ISAF, since 2001 (Afghanistan)
Operation Active Endeavour, since 2001 (Mediterranean Sea)
Operation Ocean Shield, since 2009 (Gulf of Aden)
Multilateral
missions
TIPH-2, since 1997 (West Bank)
Operation Cyrene, since 2011 (Libya)
MIADIT Somalia, since 2013 (Somalia and Djibouti)
MIADIT Palestine, since 2014 (West Bank)
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missioni_militari_italiane_all%27estero#1946-oggi
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