https://ine.org.pl/en/giorgio-melonis-first-100-international-trips-as-italian-prime-minister-map/
https://eurispes.eu/en/news/results-of-the-2025-italy-report/
https://italyun.esteri.it/en/news/dalla_rappresentanza/2024/05/6469/
https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/italia-africa-un-ponte-una-crescita-comune/24851
https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/italia-africa-bridge-common-growth/24853
https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-conference-nato-summit-vilnius/23142
https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ISPI_FPC-Piano-Mattei.pdf
https://ecfr.eu/publication/romes-moment-draghi-multilateralism-and-italys-new-strategy/
https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-visits-albania/25953
https://www.governo.it/en/node/26195
older
https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PROTOCOLLO-ITALIA-ALBANIA-in-materia-migratoria.pdf
Articolo 11 della Costituzione Italiana
L'Italia ripudia la guerra come strumento
di offesa alla libertà degli altri popoli e come mezzo di risoluzione delle
controversie internazionali; consente, in condizioni di parità con gli altri
Stati, alle limitazioni di sovranità necessarie ad un ordinamento che assicuri
la pace e la giustizia fra le Nazioni; promuove e favorisce le organizzazioni
internazionali rivolte a tale scopo.
https://www.senato.it/1025?sezione=118&articolo_numero_articolo=11
Article 11 of the Constitution of
Italy says:
Italy rejects war as an instrument of aggression against the
freedom of other peoples and as a means for the settlement of international
disputes. Italy agrees, on conditions of equality with other States, to the
limitations of sovereignty that may be necessary to a world order ensuring
peace and justice among the Nations. Italy promotes and encourages
international organisations having such ends.
So
Italy is committed to working with other states to avoid conflict, deal with
challenges and resolve disputes within the framework of a rules-based
international order in line with international law and the norms of
international cooperation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federalist_Movement
Some general
background
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy
The division of Italian diplomatic history
since the foundation of the Republic into 3 main phases.
Italy is considered to be both a major regional power and a middle power with membership in prominent institutions or groups
such as the UN, the EU, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the DAC, the WTO, G6, G7, G8, G10, G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Latin Union, the Council of Europe, the Central European Initiative, the ASEM (Asia-Europe
Meeting) and the Uniting for
Consensus group (nicknamed the Coffee Club) at the UN. Italy currently (2019) maintains the world's 12th-largest
nominal defense budget
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures
10th strongest for firepower
2024 Military
Strength Ranking (globalfirepower.com)
and is a participant in the NATO nuclear sharing policy. During 2017, Italy was a non-permanent member of
the United Nations Security Council by virtue of its election on 28 June 2016
and in compliance with the Hague Convention providing for the division of the
2017-2018 two-year mandate with Holland.
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf
Italy was a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Italy was
admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and strong supporter
of a wide number of international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General
Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization
for Security and Co-operation in
Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative. Its recent or upcoming turns in the rotating
presidency of international organizations include the Organization for Security and
Co-operation in Europe in 2018,
the G7 in 2017 and the from
July to December 2014. Italy is also a recurrent non-permanent member of the EU Council, as mentioned above, most recently in 2017. On 1 January 2019,
Italy took over the rotating Presidency of the Central European Initiative
(CEI).
http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/eu/regional-initiatives/cei
Italy’s role in the world, some examples:
Italy on the UN Security Council in 2017
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf
Italy’s Presidency of the G20, 2021, and the G20 ROME
LEADERS’ DECLARATION
COP26
https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/g20-e-cop26-il-ruolo-dellitalia-32349
COP27
Meloni’s speech in Italian: https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/intervento-del-presidente-meloni-al-vertice-dei-capi-di-stato-e-di-governo-cop27/20927
Meloni’s speech in English: https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-speech-cop27-world-leaders-summit/20951
COP28 https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-cop28-summit/24458
https://asvis.it/editoriali/1288-19130/i-prossimi-passi-per-litalia-dopo-le-decisioni-della-cop-28
Meloni’s speech in Italian: https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/cop28-l-intervento-del-presidente-meloni-alla-sessione-plenaria-high-level-segment-heads
Meloni’s speech in English https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-melonis-speech-cop28-high-level-segment-heads-state-and-government/24479
COP29 https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/cop29-high-level-segment-heads-states-and-government/27040
Meloni’s speech in Italian https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-speech-29th-conference-parties-un-framework-convention-climate-change
for translation practice
Meloni’s speech in
English: https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-melonis-speech-cop28-high-level-segment-heads-state-and-government/24479
https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/cop29-high-level-segment-heads-states-and-government/27040
COP29 https://youngdip.blogspot.com/2024/11/cop29.html
COP28 https://youngdip.blogspot.com/2023/12/cop-28.html
Italy and UN Security Council
Reform
https://onuitalia.com/2023/09/05/unsc-reform-italy-in-favor-of-restraining-veto-power/
President Meloni’s speech
at ‘Per un’Europa giovane. Transizione demografica, ambiente, futuro’
The Italian Strategy
in the Mediterranean
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/12/rapporto-med-maeci-ita.pdf
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/11/rapporto-med-maeci-2017-eng.pdf
https://www.esteri.it/it/uapsds/collaborazione-maeci-ispi-per-med/
https://www.itssverona.it/italys-approach-to-the-mediterranean-crisis-focus-on-libya-and-syria
https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/rethinking-italys-enlarged-mediterranean-176932
Artificial
Intelligence
https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2025/italian-rules-on-ai-as-a-supplement-to-the-ai-act
https://assets.innovazione.gov.it/1637937177-programma-strategico-iaweb-2.pdf
https://assets.innovazione.gov.it/1637777513-strategic-program-aiweb.pdf
https://www.ictsecuritymagazine.com/notizie/intelligenza-artificiale-e-sicurezza-nazionale/
The Regional Plan for the Adriatic-Balkans area
https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Piano-Regione-Adriatico-Balcanica_DEF_ridotto.pdf
The Africa/EU
Partnership
https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/africa-eu-partnership_it?etrans=it
https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/africa-eu-partnership_en
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54412/final_declaration-en.pdf
The Mattei
Plan
https://www.info-cooperazione.it/2025/07/cosa-dice-il-secondo-stato-di-avanzamento-del-piano-mattei/
https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ISPI_FPC-Piano-Mattei.pdf
https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/meloni-mattei-africa-policy-immigration/
NATO
https://www.comitatoatlantico.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/NATOs-Future_fwl.pdf
2024 https://tg24.sky.it/mondo/2024/07/10/news-vertice-nato-washington-diretta-news
https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_227678.htm
2023 https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/president-meloni-s-press-conference-nato-summit-vilnius/23142
https://www.med-or.org/news/summit-nato-2023-tra-ucraina-svezia-e-fianco-sud
The traditional idea of the 3 main circles
or spheres in which Italian diplomacy operates and some general considerations
and criticism:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23248823.2018.1544352
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03932729.2016.1108613?src=recsys&journalCode=rspe20
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/goals-and-shortcomings-italys-peace-operations
Italy strongly supports multilateral
international policies, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities
https://thenewglobalorder.com/report/report-the-italian-participation-in-peacekeeping-operations/
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italian-peacekeeping-missions-vast-praised-and-underused
https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/italy
https://www.today.it/politica/missioni-italia-estero.html
Main current activities, operations and
military commitments abroad, 2024-5
https://www.difesa.it/operazionimilitari/index/26771.html
click on the links on the right
https://www.difesa.it/smd/news-italia/nato-framework-nations-concept-italiano-visita-stabilimenti-leonardo/52201.html
see the map on the right
‘39 missioni e operazioni internazionali, 7.750 unità, e un onere
finanziario complessivo di 1,48 miliardi, divisi tra 980 milioni per il 2025 e
500 milioni per il 2026.’
From https://www.remocontro.it/2025/04/15/missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-2025/
Italy,
the EU, NATO and Ukraine
and
EU Defence integration
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italy-punches-below-its-weight-european-defence-fund
https://sldinfo.com/2023/08/european-defence-armaments-cooperation-an-august-2023-update/
and
missions in the past
recent
2024
https://www.analisidifesa.it/2024/04/le-missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-nel-2024/
https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare
click on each mission symbol
https://temi.camera.it/leg19/provvedimento/autorizzazione-e-proroga-delle-missioni-internazionali-nel-2024.html
have a quick look at all the sections
2023
https://www.affarinternazionali.it/missioni-internazionali-italiane-non-solo-mediterraneo/
https://www.analisidifesa.it/2023/05/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2023/
https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare
2022
https://www.milex.org/2022/07/15/le-missioni-militari-italiane-nel-2022-effettivi-e-costi/
https://www.forzeitaliane.it/Esercito-italiano-al-via-tre-nuove-missioni-estero-ecco-dove
https://www.analisidifesa.it/2022/07/qatar-mozambico-ed-est-europa-le-tre-nuove-missioni-italiane/
Recent maps to
get a visual idea of where Italian forces are and have been deployed abroad.
Can anyone find a map for 2025? If you can,
send it to me!
The map below is
from this link and it shows the situation at the end of 2022
https://www.limesonline.com/carte/carta-le-missioni-della-marina-militare-italiana-14717274/
This
map is from: https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/chi-ci-comanda-se-litalia-va-in-guerra
04/04/2022
Other
maps, slightly older
https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/boots-on-the-ground-litalia-in-armi-e-dove-serve
https://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/boots-on-the-ground-litalia-in-armi-e-dove-serve?prv=true
https://www.babilonmagazine.it/missioni-italiane-estero-nato-onu-ue/
(05/02/2020)
https://www.remocontro.it/2020/07/03/missioni-militari-italiane-allestero-in-parlamento-e-linteresse-nazionale/
(map and fairly negative view, July 2020)
http://www.limesonline.com/crisi-libia-haftar-serraj-italia-guerra-missione-militare/112041?prv=true 15/04/2019 map
https://www.limesonline.com/le-missioni-militari-italiane/100866
(August 2017)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces
https://sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it/2020/01/07/le-missioni-italiane-allestero/
https://formiche.net/2020/06/mediterraneo-mappa-militari/
https://www.lenius.it/missioni-militari-italiane-nel-mondo/https://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2021/04/15/afghanistan-road-map-for-italy-troop-pullout-di-maio_2ab5c8c2-ffbd-4760-800c-b142e2fa5a3f.html
and Cyber Security
https://www.cybersecurity360.it/news/italia-cybersecurity-220-milioni-2024/
https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/strategia-nazionale-di-cybersicurezza
UN: Italy’s role in
peacekeeping
Italy’s role in UN missions is a significant part of our country’s
foreign outreach and responds to the need to safeguard national security in the
face of transnational threats. Our contribution to the UN peacekeeping missions
is also in keeping with the traditional multilateralism of our foreign policy
and with the conviction that, thanks to its universal vocation, the United
Nations can play an unparalleled role in supporting the stabilisation of many
crisis areas, particularly in the Middle East and Africa.
Italy is the top supplier among Western and EU nations, in terms of
military personnel and highly qualified police forces, to UN peacekeeping
operations. Italy is also the seventh-ranked contributor to the UN peacekeeping
budget. Italy’s participation in UN missions has been widely appreciated and
has become a veritable model, thanks above all to our contingents’ capacity for
dialogue with the local populations and to the complementarity they have
provided between the civilian and military dimensions in stabilisation and
peacekeeping operations.
In accordance with its foreign policy priorities, Italy plays an
especially key role in the UNIFIL mission in Southern Lebanon, with over 1,000
Italian troops deployed there. Italy also participates in UN missions in
Africa, Asia and Europe.
Italy is also active in the training of the police personnel destined
for peacekeeping missions. Over 10 thousand Police Units from over 130
countries have been trained at the Centre of Excellence for the Stability
Police Units (CoESPU) in Vicenza since 2006. Training has been provided in the
areas of international human rights, tackling gender-based violence, the
protection of children in conflict situations and restoration of the rule of
law. Italy hosts a United Nations Logistics Base in Brindisi
that provides logistics support to all UN peacekeeping operations in its role
as a “Global Service Centre”, including in information science and
telecommunications. It is also emerging as a centre of excellence and innovation
in managing the environmental impact of UN operations.
Italy and UNIFIL
https://onuitalia.com/2025/09/05/unifil-crosetto-e-portolano-al-rientro-della-pozzuolo-del-friuli/
NATO’s
military presence in the east of the Alliance
https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm
https://pagineesteri.it/2023/01/10/primo-piano/italia-russia/
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/O94PsJrlVr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pc7lkxdqgzM
You will enjoy the pronunciation!
NATO Operation Sea Guardian https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136233.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Sea_Guardian
EU
operations
EUNAVFOR
MED – Operazione Irini https://www.difesa.it/operazionimilitari/op-intern-corso/eunavfor-med-operazione-irini/default/28156.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Irini
EUNAVFOR
Operation ASPIDES https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eunavfor-aspides_en?s=410381
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Aspides
The mission to Afghanistan ended at the
end of June 2021, (NATO Resolute Support Mission RSM, 895
personnel)
https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2019_06/20190625_2019-06-RSM-Placemat.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolute_Support_Missionù
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Police_Mission_in_Afghanistan
https://thegeopolitics.com/why-nato-failed-in-afghanistan/
Italy
and Libya
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum_Italia-Libia_del_2017
https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/quarterly-mixed-migration-update-north-africa-quarter-2-2025
https://www.esercito.difesa.it/operazioni/operazioni_oltremare/pagine/libia-mil.aspx
Operazione Mediterraneo Sicuro
https://www.difesa.it/operazionimilitari/op-intern-corso/operazione-mediterraneo-sicuro/index.html
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Mediterraneo_Sicuro
See the following on the Italian armed
forces:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces
https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=italy
The Italian approach to missions is also
important:
La partecipazione alle missioni ONU da
parte italiana è particolarmente apprezzata e rappresenta un vero e proprio
modello, soprattutto grazie alla capacità di dialogo dei nostri contingenti con
le popolazioni locali e alla complementarietà dimostrata tra dimensione civile
e militare nelle operazioni di stabilizzazione e mantenimento della pace.
As we have seen, Italy has joined in
many UN, NATO and EU operations as well as
providing assistance in the Middle East peace process, peacekeeping, and combating
the illegal drugs trade, human trafficking, piracy and terrorism.
Moreover, under long-standing bilateral
agreements flowing from NATO membership, Italy hosts important U.S. military
forces at Vicenza – home of 173d Airborne Brigade – and Livorno (USA); Aviano(USAF); and Sigonella, Nisida, and Gaeta – home port for the U.S. Navy Sixth Fleet. The United States
has about 16,000 military personnel stationed in Italy. Italy hosts the NATO Defence College at Cecchignola, near Rome.
Source: https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/11744334
For more information, go to: http://www.esteri.it/ and then
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/
and then
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/
then the UN
then NATO
then look at the other organizations
listed on the right, the G7, G20, OSCE (Organisation for Security
and Cooperation in Europe) the Council of
Europe and international economic fora and organisations - the OECD (Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development, Fondo
Monetario Internazionale, The World Bank (WB),
Club di Parigi,
Banca Europea per la Ricostruzione e lo Sviluppo
(BERS)
If you go to the site of the Rappresentanza Permanente d’Italia
all’ONU – New York:
https://italyun.esteri.it/it/
you can choose English as the operating
language to read and make notes on the following:
The General Assembly
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding
The
Ministry odf Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
Some but not all of the following pages are available in English.
Consular Services
https://www.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/italiani-all-estero/
Politica Estera e Cooperazione allo sviluppo
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/aree_geografiche/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/politica_europea/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/organizzazioni_internazionali/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/temi_globali/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/cooperaz_sviluppo/
https://www.esteri.it/it/politica-estera-e-cooperazione-allo-sviluppo/diplomazia-giuridica/
Italian Economic Diplomacy (more and more important
now)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_diplomacy
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-economica-e-politica-commerciale/diplomaziaeconomica/
The EU’s Recovery and
Resilience Facility (RRF) at the
heart of NextGenerationEU and Italy’s Recovery and Resilience
Plan
https://reform-support.ec.europa.eu/what-we-do/recovery-and-resilience-plans_en
Sistema Paese - Country Promotion
https://www.esteri.it/it/ministero/struttura/dgpromozionesistemapaese/
look at all the sections on the right
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-economica-e-politica-commerciale/diplomaziaeconomica/
and
all the sections on the right
https://www.ice.it/it the Italian Trade Agency
Italy and Trade
https://www.italiadomani.gov.it/content/sogei-ng/it/it/home.html
Italia Domani
https://www.aboutamazon.it/notizie/piccole-e-medie-imprese/i-made-in-italy-days-2025-finestra-mondo
https://www.infomercatiesteri.it/osservatorio-economico-interscambio-commerciale-italiano-mondo.php#
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_per_valore_delle_esportazioni
but more recently https://www.soa.it/classifica-export-mondiale/
and for some recent historical background, look at:
Expo Milano
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2015
and Destinazione Italia
https://www.mimit.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/DESTINAZIONE_ITALIA_version_EN.PDF
Cultural Diplomacy
Definition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diplomacy
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cultural_diplomacy
Italian Cultural and Scientific Diplomacy
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/
https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/en/about-us/activities/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/reteiic/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/universita/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/cooperculturale/
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cultura/reteiic/
for current examples, go to:
https://iiclondra.esteri.it/iic_londra/en/
https://iicwashington.esteri.it/iic_washington/en/
https://iicparigi.esteri.it/iic_parigi/it/
https://iicpechino.esteri.it/iic_pechino/it/
https://iictokyo.esteri.it/iic_tokyo/it/
https://iicmosca.esteri.it/iic_mosca/it/
Italian Scientific
Diplomacy
https://www.esteri.it/it/diplomazia-culturale-e-diplomazia-scientifica/cooperscientificatecnologica/
More on Italy and 'soft power'
https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/eventi/fare-cinema-2023/
https://italiana.esteri.it/italiana/progetti/fare-cinema-2022/
https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2021/06/rassegna-fare-cinema-2021/
https://italiandesignday-official.it/
https://creativitacontemporanea.cultura.gov.it/italiandesignday-2024/
https://iicseoul.esteri.it/it/gli_eventi/calendario/settimana-della-cucina-italiana_0/
Human
Rights and the Protection of Cultural Heritage
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-culture-un-idUSKCN0VP235
https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/it
https://ambbaghdad.esteri.it/ambasciata_baghdad/it/ambasciata/news/dall_ambasciata/2018/07/preserving-the-cultural-heritage.html
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/eu-csdp-missions-and-protection-cultural-heritage
https://www.thelocal.it/20170217/two-cultural-treasures-rescued-from-isis-were-restored-in-italy/
Italy and the EU
The pandemic and the Recovery Fund, NextGenerationEU
https://ecfr.eu/publication/romes-moment-draghi-multilateralism-and-italys-new-strategy/
https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_crisis_communication_italy_the_coronavirus_and_european_solidari/
https://next-generation-eu.europa.eu/index_en
https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/PNRR.pdf
https://www.italiadomani.gov.it/content/sogei-ng/it/en/home.html
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3126
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_5663
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4025
https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_crisis_communication_italy_the_coronavirus_and_european_solidari/
Migration
https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230916-eu-scrambles-to-address-italy-island-migrant-surge
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_4502
https://www.linkiesta.it/2023/06/riforma-regolamento-dublino-europa/
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2152
https://www.dw.com/en/italy-rushes-to-relocate-thousands-of-new-lampedusa-arrivals/a-66825666
https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/european-neighbourhood-policy/southern-neighbourhood_en
EU Security and Defence Cooperation
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/defence-security/
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_dell%27Unione_europea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy
https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/missions-and-operations_en
https://decode39.com/7051/italy-germany-eu-defence/
http://documenti.camera.it/leg19/dossier/pdf/ES027.pdf
https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2021/07/22/ce-in-italy-for-high-level-talks
https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iai2020.pdf
https://decode39.com/5335/meloni-boost-eu-defence-nato/
https://decode39.com/4753/italy-military-support-to-kyiv/
https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/defence-policy-giorgia-melonis-government
https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/EU%20and%20NATO.pdf
The European battlegroups
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Battlegroup
negotiating with Putin
EU budgetary rules
EU Commission recommendations
https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/publications/2025-european-semester-country-reports_en
Italy and
the UN
Italy was
elected to the UN Human Rights Council for the period 2019/2021. It
aimed to energize that body.
Italy
on the UN Security Council in 2017
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/01/italyontheunsecuritycouncil-compressed.pdf
Italy's
efforts to ban the death penalty at a global level
Italy and
reform of the UN Security Council
https://decode39.com/5919/italy-plan-un-security-council-reform/
https://italyun.esteri.it/it/litalia-e-le-ooii/ufc/
Italy and NATO
including more on its ‘enhanced forward presence'
https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX4a6d3qNbU
https://www.joint-forces.com/features/11889-nato-enhanced-forward-presence
https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136233.htm
The Italian forces
and previously
2016-2017
https://www.babilonmagazine.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Mappa_operazioni_militari_16122016.jpg
https://www.today.it/politica/missioni-italia-estero.html
2018
https://www.lenius.it/missioni-militari-italiane-nel-mondo/
2019
https://www.panorama.it/news/esteri/missioni-estero-soldati-italia-militari-afghanistan/
http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Operazioni/Operazioni_oltremare
https://thegeopolitics.com/why-nato-failed-in-afghanistan/
The Mediterranean and
beyond
https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/rethinking-italys-enlarged-mediterranean-176932
https://www.affarinternazionali.it/missioni-internazionali-italiane-non-solo-mediterraneo/
https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/21/italys-mediterranean-belt-and-road/
https://documenti.camera.it/Leg18/Dossier/Pdf/DI0317.Pdf
previously
http://documenti.camera.it/leg18/dossier/pdf/DI0149.pdf
https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2017/12/med-maeci-eng.pdf
https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1161188.pdf?_1560509858868
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Mare_Sicuro
Some further Background Information
The Italian Armed Forces
https://www.forzeitaliane.it/forze-armate
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_italiane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces
Esercito: 94.026
Marina Militare: 30.427
Aeronautica Militare: 41.105
Arma dei Carabinieri: 109.576
Totale: 340.147 unità
L’Arma dei Carabinieri,
come anticipato, svolge sia la funzione di forza armata (per cui dipende dalla
Difesa), sia di pubblica sicurezza (per cui dipende dal Ministero
dell’Interno).
L’Esercito Italiano (8% donne) si occupa principalmente
della difesa della sicurezza nazionale nel nostro territorio, ma anche di varie
missioni a livello internazionale. L’obiettivo è di punare ad una maggiore
specializzazione.
L’Aeronautica Militare si occupa di assicurare la difesa
dello spazio aereo nazionale e condurre operazioni aeree di attacco, ricerca o
soccorso; inoltre, concorre a studi, ricerche e sperimentazioni nel campo
aerospaziale e meteorologico e svolge attività informativa nei campi
pertinenti. La Marina Militare si occupa principalmente di
presidiare l’area mediterranea nel controllo dei mari italiani con dispositivi
aeronavali e relativo supporto terrestre. Garantisce la sicurezza dei traffici
marittimi, studia e tutela la biodiversità marina.
Il Bilancio del Ministero della Difesa e la Funzione Difesa
Per ciò che riguarda il Bilancio del Ministero della Difesa nel
suo complesso, la dotazione finanziaria per il 2023 era pari a 27.748,5 milioni
di euro; con un aumento di 1.792,4 milioni rispetto ai 25.956,1 del 2022.
And for 2024 - 29.184,2 milioni di euro
https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1435877.pdf?_1726068304913
Background
As part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Italy contributed to the international operation in Afghanistan. Italian forces
contributed to ISAF, the NATO force
in Afghanistan, and to the Provincial reconstruction team. and deployed a platoon of Carabinieri military police.
The Italian Army did not take part in
combat operations of the 2003 Iraq War, dispatching troops only when major combat operations were declared
over by the U.S. President George W. Bush. Subsequently Italian
troops arrived in the late summer of 2003, and began patrolling Nasiriyah and the surrounding area. Italian participation in the
military operations in Iraq was concluded by the end of 2006, with full
withdrawal of Italian military personnel except for a small group of about 30
soldiers engaged in providing security for the Italian embassy in Baghdad. Italy played a major role in the 2004-2011 NATO Training Mission to assist in the development of Iraqi security forces
training structures and institutions.
Other missions
UNMOGIP, since 1951 (India and Pakistan)
UNTSO, since 1958 (Israel, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon)
UNIFIL, since 1978 (Lebanon)
MINURSO, since 1991 (Western Sahara)
EUFOR Althea, since 2004 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
EUBAM Rafah, since 2005 (Gaza–Egypt border)
EUPOL Afghanistan, since 2007 (Afghanistan)
EUNAVFOR Atalanta, since 2008 (Gulf of Aden)
EUMM Georgia, since 2008 (Georgia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia)
EULEX Kosovo, since 2008 (Kosovo)
EUTM Somalia, since 2010 (Somalia)
EUCAP Nestor, since 2012 (Indian Ocean)
EUCAP Sahel Niger, since 2012 (Niger)
EUBAM Libya, since 2013 (Libya)
EUFOR RCA, since 2014 (Central African Republic)
KFOR, since 1999 (Kosovo)
ISAF, since 2001 (Afghanistan)
Operation Active Endeavour, since 2001 (Mediterranean Sea)
Operation Ocean Shield, since 2009 (Gulf of Aden)
Multilateral missions
TIPH-2, since 1997 (West Bank)
Operation Cyrene, since 2011 (Libya)
MIADIT Somalia, since 2013 (Somalia and Djibouti)
MIADIT Palestine, since 2014 (West Bank)
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missioni_militari_italiane_all%27estero#1946-oggi
https://militarynewsfromitaly.com/
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